Giáo án chuyên đề tiếng Anh 11 - Conditional sentences

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 0: thể hiện đk luôn đúng ở hiện tại và tương lai
If +S + V/Vs/Ves, S+ V/Vs/Ves
Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once.
Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.)
TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra (open/likely/possible condition)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, S + simple future (will+V)
If +S+ V/Vs/Ves, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách)
Đảo ngữ: Should + S + V, ………………………
EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.
 If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
	If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.
	If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school.
Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)
TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại (present unreal condition)
If + S +V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V, S + would/could/should (not) + V
Đảo ngữ: 1, If + S + were + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
 à Were + S + N/ adj, S + would/could/should (not) + V
 2, If + S +V(ed/cột 2), S + would/could/should (not) + V
 à Were + S + to V, S + would/could/should (not) + V
EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)
ü If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice
	EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle. 
Đảo ngữ : (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.)
 If I knew it, I would tell you earlier.
Đảo ngữ: (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)
TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ (past unreal condition)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
Đảo ngữ: Had + S+ V(ed/cột 3), S+ would have + V(ed/cột 3)
EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
 If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her. 
 If he had worked harder, he could have passed the exams. (e.g he didn’t work hard.)
 If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’t have got lost. 
TYPE 4 mixed ( trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại)
Ex: If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now. (I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)
If+ S + had (not)+ V(ed/cột 3), S +would/could/should (not) + V
Một số câu đặc biệt:
1. IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình huống giả thiết
If only, I were in your position.
If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her.
2. Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết.
- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say?
- If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house.
3. WISH
- Trái với hiện tại: S + wish + S + V(ed/cột 2)/ did not + V
Ex: I wish I had a bigger house. ( I don’t have a big house now )
- Trái với quá khứ: S + wish + S + had + V(ed/cột 3)/ had not + V(ed/cột 3)
Ex: I wish I hadn’t been ill. ( I were ill )
- Ao ước sẽ sảy ra hoạc phàn nàn về điều gì ngoài ý muốn chủ quan của người nói
 S + wish + S + would/could/should (not) + V
Ex: I wish it wouldn’t rain.
 I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN DỰA TRÊN TÌNH HUỐNG
1, Tình huống ở hiện tại à Type 2. Tình huống ở QK à Type 3
2, MĐ 1 , so/ therefore/ that’s why MĐ 2. à MĐ 1 làm mđ If, MĐ 2 thành mđ chính 
3, Nếu 2 MĐ được nối bằng because thì mệnh đề nào đứng sau because sẽ đổi thành mđ If, mđ còn lại thành mđ chính
BẢNG CHUYỂN ĐỘNG TỪ 
MỆNH ĐỀ IF
MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH
Câu cho trước à
câu viết lại
Câu cho trước à
câu viết lại
1, Is/ am/ are
Were not
1, Is/ am/ are
Would not be
2, Is/ am/ are not
Were
2, Is/ am/ are not
Would be
3, V/ Vs/ Ves
Did not + V
3, V/ Vs/ Ves
Would not V
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V
V(ed/cột 2)
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V
Would V
5, Was/ were 
Had not been
5, Was/ were 
Would not have been
6, Was/ were not
Had been
6, Was/ were not
Would have been
7, V(ed/cột 2)
Had not V(ed/cột 3)
7, V(ed/cột 2)
Would not have V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V
Had V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V
Would have V(ed/cột 3)
9, Can V
Could not V
9, Can V
Could not V
10, Can not V
Could V
10, Can not V
Could V
11, Have / has + N
Did not have + N
11, Have / has + N
Would not have
CÁCH VIẾT CÂU MONG ƯỚC VỚI WISH
Câu cho trước àcâu viết lại
1, Is/ am/ are
Were not
2, Is/ am/ are not
Were
3, V/ Vs/ Ves
Did not + V
4, Don’t/ doesn’t V
V(ed/cột 2)
5, Was/ were 
Had not been
6, Was/ were not
Had been
7, V(ed/cột 2)
Had not V(ed/cột 3)
8, Did not + V
Had V(ed/cột 3)
9, Can V
Could not V
10, Can not V
Could V
11, Have / has + N
Did not have + N
EX: She regretted that she did not buy that carà She wished that she had bought that car
CÁCH CHUYỂN MỆNH ĐỀ IF THÀNH UNLESS
1, Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề If là phủ định thì chuyển if thành unless, bỏ từ phủ định và giữ nguyên mệnh đề chính.
Ex: If she doesn’t water the flowers, they will die. à Unless she waters the flowers, they will die.
 If I had not stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now.
 à Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now.
2, Nếu động từ chính trong mệnh đề If là khẳng định thì chuyển if thành unless, giữ nguyên động từ trong mệnh đề if và chuyển động từ trong mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại ( khẳng địnhàphủ định, phủ địnhàkhẳng định).
Ex: If she waters the flowers, they will not die. à Unless she waters the flowers, they will die.
 If I had stayed up late last night, I would feel asleep now.
 à Unless I had stayed up late last night, I would not feel asleep now.
Make the correct choice
 “Would you mind if we _______you by your first name?” -“Not at all. Please call me Tom.”
	A. called	B. call	C. calling	D. want to call
She can’t get home _______ she has no money.
	A. unless	B. if	C. until	D. without
If I had known your new address, we _______to see you.
	A. came	B. will come	C. would come	D. would have come 	 
If we took the 10:30 train, _______ too early.
	A. we would arrive	B. we should arrive 	C. we will arrive	D. we may arrive 
It’s very crowded here. I wish there _______ so many people.
	A. aren’t 	B. weren’t 	C. haven’t been	D. isn’t
I wouldn’t go there at night if I _______ you.
	A. am	B. was	C. were	D. had been
If I _______ get a pole, I’ll go fishing.
	A. can	B. could	C. may	D. might
If they had enough time, they _______ head south.
	A. will	B. can	C. must	D. might
If you _______ a choice, which country would you visit?
	A. have	B. had	C. have had	D. will have
Trees won’t grow _______ there is enough water.
	A. if	B. when	C. unless	D. as 
_______ she agreed, you would have done it.
	A. If	B. Had	C. Should	D. Would
If you _______ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.
	A. want	B. wanted	C. had wanted	D. wants
If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy _______ saved.
	A. might be	B. have been	C. was 	D. might have been 
If there _______ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive.
	A. had been	 	B. were	C. would be	D. are 
The patient could not recover unless he _______ an operation. [undergo: pass through]
	A. had undergone	B. would undergo	C. underwent	D. was undergoing
If she _______ him, she would be very happy.
	A. would meet	B. will meet	C. is meeting	D. should meet
If he _______ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
	A. had had	B. had	C. has	D. has had
If I had enough money, I _______ abroad to improve my English.
	A. will go	B. would go	C. should go	D. should have to go
If it _______ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
	A. be	B. is	C. was	D. were
If you _______ time, please write to me.
	A. have	B. had	C. have had	D. has
If it _______ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.
	A. rains	B. will rain	C. shall rain	D. raining
If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _______ sleepy now.
	A. wouldn’t have been	B. wouldn’t be 	
	C. might have not been 	D. wouldn’t have been being 
If you _______ as I told you, you _______ sorry now.
	A. did- would not be	B. had done- had not been	
	C. do – would not be	D. had done – would not be
If only I _______ him now.
	A. see	B. saw	C. have seen	D. seen 
If I _______, I’ll let you know.
	A. am staying	B. will stay	C. do stay	D. would stay
If only I _______ you wanted to invest money in business.
	A. had known	B. knew	C. have known	D. know
Linda wishes she _______her car.
	A. hasn’t sold	B. hadn’t sold	C. doesn’t sell	D. won’t sell
He looked frightened as if he _______a ghost.
	A. had seen	B. saw	C. would see	D. was seeing
I wish it _______ a holiday today.
	A. were	B. will be	C. is	D. had been
“My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“_______, we would have picked you up.”
	A. Had we known	B. If we have known	C. We had known	D. If we did know
If I _______ as young as you are, I _______ in a boat round the world.
	A. were- would sail	B. would be – would sail	
	C. were- will sail	D. would- would sail
If he _______tickets yesterday, he _______ on the beach now.
	A. had booked- would be lying	B. had booked- would have lied
	C. booked – would lie	D. books- will lie
If you _______ less last night, you _______ so bad today.
	A. had drunk- would not have felt	B. drank- would not feel
	C. had drunk- would not feel	D. would have drunk- would not feel
It seemed as if he _______ of it before.
	A. would never hear	B. has never heard	C. never heard	D. had never heard
_______ today, she would get home by Friday.
	A. Would she leave	B. Was she leaving	C. Were she to leave	D. If she leaves
“He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I _______ his courage.”
	A. have	B. had	C. will have	D. would have
_______he_______ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.
	A. Hadn’t – studied	B. Had- studied	C. Didn’t study	D. If – had studied
We’re going to be late if _______ right now.
	A. we not leave	B. we didn’t leave 	C. we won’t leave	D. we don’t leave 
“I wish this city_______ so noisy.” “I know. I wish we _______ in the countryside.”
	A. isn’t – live	B. wasn’t – live	C. weren’t- live	D. weren’t – lived
He acted as though he_______ for days.
	A. not eat	B. hasn’t eaten	C. hadn’t eaten	D. didn’t eat
Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same, beginning with If...
The speaker was ill suddenly and they cancelled the lecture.
I am in a hurry. I won’t stay for dinner.
He can’t type. He isn’t able to operate a computer.
I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.
He doesn’t have time to do exercises, that’s why he is unhealthy.
Lucky you were here, or the house would have caught fire.
The police showed me the way, so I found the house.
John is fat because he eats so many chips.
John missed the ferry because his car broke down.
I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you.
Finish the second sentence in each pair, using If or Unless.
If you don’t do better work than this, you won’t pass the exam.
You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa.
Unless someone has a key, we can’t get into the house.
Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information.
If Joe doesn’t change his ways, he will end up in prison.
If he doesn’t work harder, he’ll lose his job.
If it rains, we won’t go swimming.
You will become ill unless you stop working so hard.
If you work hard, you’ll pass your exam.
Unless you hurry, you won’t catch the bus.
If he doesn’t start work right now, he’ll never finish it.
We won’t get there on time without taking a taxi.
Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September.
If you don’t rest, you really will be ill.
The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor.
You won’t find any accommodation if you don’t book it in advance.
You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry.
I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
Put more salt in or you won’t be able to taste it.
If he fails the final examination, he won’t be able to graduate.