The similarities and differences of compararisons of adjectives and adverbs

THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF COMPARARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS 
I)SIMILARITIES:
COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND AVERBS
As well as being used to describe person and things ,adjectives which refer to qualities can also be used to compare two or more difference person or things
1 The positive degree of adjectives and adverbs
The positive degree of adjectives is used to express the sameness or similarity of two or more objects , things, people and phenomena.
 a)with structure:.. .As…Adj/adv…As 
Ag: swans are as white as snow
He plays sport as well as his friend
b)With srtructure:….As…..adj/adv…..noun……as
The constructure as followed by an adjective and adverb followed by as can also be combined with an noun ,as shown in the following examples:
Ex: The girls are as good student as the boys
They have as many children as us
c)With structure: not….as….as…..or not so….as
We can use either as or so after not to compare two people, things , ect..
 Not As+ Adj/Adv +As
Or Not so +Adj/Adv+As 
Ex:He can not play as well as you can
 This game is not so interesting as the last game
d)With the same As
 …. The same +(noun)+ as +noun(pronoun)..
Ex:She is sad because her toys is the same as her friend
Lan and hoa are the same age
 2)Some adv have the same form as adj .So, both of them can form their comparative and superlatives either with –er and –est in the same way as short adj
a)Comparatives of adj and adv
Short Ajectives/Adverbs+er +than
Eg:he works harder than most people
These shoes are much cheaper than those 
He can swim farther than I can
…..More/less+ Adj/Adv long + than….
Ex:This story is more interesting than that one
 He ran more quickly than his brother
b)Superlatives of Adj and Adv 
the+shortAdj/Adv+est+noun(pro)
 Positive form 	Comparative form	 Superative form
 Fast faster fastest
 Hard harder hardest
 Strong stronger strongest
Ex:Lan is the smallest in my classs
 John is the hardest of all other students in his class
the most/least+long Adj/Adv+ noun(pro):adj and adb have two or more syllables
adv
adj
Comparative/Superlative
More/most carefully
More /Most easily
More /most frequently
More / most careful
More /most easible
More /most expensive
More /most beautiful
* eg:This dress is the most expensive in the shop
He is the least careful among drivers
*Notes:
Some adjectives endding in –ly
Ex: daily, weekly , monthly, kindly, and sometimes leisurely can be adjectives or adverbs but most other adjectives ending –ly
Some adj have two syllableas like ,tidy ,busy, dirty, empty, funny…,these simply take the endings –er and –est
*Some adverbs of frequency form their comparative and superlative with more/less, most/least(more seldom ,most seldom) often has and two (less common)oftener
*Compare lastest/last:both words can be adjectives
Eg:I bought lastest edition of today’s paper
I bought the last edition of today’s paper
*But normally only last is used as an adverbs
Eg:That was a difficult exercise ,soI did it last
*Both farther and further can be used to refer to distance
Eg:He ran two miles farther can be used to necessary
*Further ,but not farther can be used to mean ‘in addition ‘
Eg:He studies ,further that he wasn’t lazy student
2.5.Some –ly adverbs (relating to manner/frequency) have the same form as adjectives
Eg:daily,weekly,monthly,quarterly,yearly
Eg:I receive quaterl;y bills,I pay my bills quaterly
*A few of adjective which are used with endding have irregular comparative form.You should be noted that the adjective ‘many and much’both have the same comparative form more
*Sommtimes ‘most’ can mean ‘very’
Eg:Iwere most grateful for my teacher
c) Irregular Ad j and Adv
The irregular adj and adv have the same comparative and superlative form
 Positive form Comparative form Superlative form 
Badly worse worst
Far farther/further farthest/furthest
Little less least
Much	more most
Well	better 
EX:It is the best film I have ever seen
*
adverbs ,such as sometimes,never,here,there, now,then,first,again,yesterday,and daily have no comparative or superlative forms
3.1The positive degree of adverbs
The positive degree of adverbs is similar to that of adjective in comparisons
3.1.1.The constructure with As…As
When used in making comparison ,the positive formof an adverbs is usually preceded and followed by as
 As+Positive form of adverbs+As
Eg:Ican run as fast as you can
He plays sport as well as his friend
Her eyes shone as brightly as stars
3.2 The comparative degree of adverbs
 NotAs/So……….Adv……As
Eg:He can’t play as well as you can
She can’t run so fast as you can
The similar to adjective in comparison, here also have forms following
3.2.1 The short Adverbs
When used in making comparisons,the comparative form of an adverb is usually followed by than
The short of comparative form of adverb+ than
Eg:He can swim farther than Ican
The cost of living has been rising faster than incomes
*As in the case with comparisons using adjectives, comparisons using adverbs canbe combined with phrases or clauses
Eg:She performs better in front of an audience than she does in rehearsal
They walked faster when they were on their way to school than did when they were on their way home
3.2.2 The long Adverb
 More+long Adv+than
Eg:He ran more quickly than his brother 
You should do this exercise more exactly than that
3.3 Special structures with comparative different from comparison in adjective
3.3.1.Comparatives with ‘er and er’
Comparative form of adverb+and+comparative form of adverb
Eg:The plan flew higher and higher
The team performed better and better
3.3.2 Adverbs which form the comparative with more
 More and more +Positive form of adverb
Eg:It rained more and more heavily
He solved the problem more and more easily
3.3.3 The constructure with Lessand Less
Less and Less +Positive form of adverb
Eg:We visited then less frequently
He solved the problems less and less easily
3.3.4 The constructure with The ….The…..
Two clauses each beginning with the and each containing a comparative form of an adjective or adverb can be used together in order to indicate a cause and effect relationship between two different things ,events
Ex: The more they eat the fatter they get
4. The superlative degree of adverbs 
4.1 The short Adverbs
The +short Adv + Est
Ex: Athletics in the race ran fast ,but John ran the fastest of all
John is the hardest of all other students in his class
4.2 The long Adverbs
The most +long Adv
Ex : Let’s see who can shoot the straightest
The first speaker presented his case the most convincingly
4.3 The construction with the Least
Adverbs may also be preceded by the expression the expression the least
The + Least +Positive form of adv
Ex: She speaks the least loudly of all the children
This bus runs the least often
4.4. Irregular adverbs
The irregular adverbs have the same comparative and superlative form as the corresponding irregular adjectives
 Positive form Comparative form Superlative form 
Badly worse worst
Far farther/further farthest/furthest
Little less least
Much	more most
Well	better best 
4.4.1 Adverbs which have the same form as adjectives also have the same comparatives and superlatives as the adjectives
 Positive form Superlative form Comparative form
Fast fastest	faster
Hard hardest	harder
Ex: He word harder he was more honest
This machine would enabled to be dealt with faster
4.4.2. Some adverbs have comparative and superlatives with ‘more’ and ‘most’ but have single word comparatives and superlative
Ex: They can be built more quickly
You probably learn quicker by having lessons