Passive structures

PASSIVE STRUCTURES:
The Present Simple Tense:
The cat eats the mouse.
The mouse is eaten by the cat.
The boy catches the ball.
The ball is caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + V + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + IS / AM /ARE + V3 + BY + O’…
The Past Simple Tense:
The cat ate the mouse.
The mouse was eaten by the cat.
The boy caught the ball.
The ball was caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + V2 / V-ed + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + was / were + V3 + BY + O’…
The Future Simple Tense:
The cat will eat the mouse.
The mouse will be eaten by the cat.
The boy will catch the ball.
The ball will be caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + will V + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + WILL BE + V3 + BY + O’…
The Present Perfect Tense:
The cat has eaten the mouse.
The mouse has been eaten by the cat.
The boy has caught the ball.
The ball has been caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + has / have + V3 + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V3 + BY + O’…
The Present Progressive Tense:
The cat is eating the mouse.
The mouse is being eaten by the cat.
The boy is catching the ball.
The ball is being caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + is / am / are + V-ing + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + IS / AM /ARE + being + V3 + BY + O’…
The Past Progressive Tense:
The cat was eating the mouse.
The mouse was being eaten by the cat.
The boy was catching the ball.
The ball was being caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + was / were + V-ing + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + was/ were + being + V3 + BY + O’…
The Past Perfect Tense:
The cat had eaten the mouse.
The mouse had been eaten by the cat.
The boy had caught the ball.
The ball had been caught by the boy.
ACTIVE: S + had + V3 + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + had + BEEN + V3 + BY + O’…
Modal:
The cat can eat the mouse.
The mouse can be eaten by the cat.
The boy must catch the ball.
The ball must be caught by the boy.
Lan should clean the room.
The room should be cleaned by Lan.
Tom has to feed the cows.
The cows have to be fed by Tom.
ACTIVE: S + modal + V + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + modal + be + V3 + BY + O’…
The Future Perfect Tense:
By next year the students will have studied the passive.
The passive will have been studied (by the students) by next year.
ACTIVE: S + will have V3 + O +…
PASSIVE: S’ + WILL HAVE BEEN + V3 + BY + O’…
Special cases:
should have V3 => should have been V3
might have V3 => might have been V3
must have V3 => must have been V3
Turn into Passive:
Nam is cutting the flowers.
My father planted this tree last year.
The man has repaired the computers.
The students clean the schoolyard every month.
My mother has prepared the dinner.
He will collect stamps next time.
We must feed the chickens.
My little brother has to collect the eggs.
The boy was painting the house when we came.
Lan is going to write a letter.