Ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề: Cleft sentences (Câu chẻ)

CLEFT SENTENCES (Câu chẻ)
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ từ, túc từ hay trạng từ
 1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)
a. Với danh từ / đại từ chỉ người
               It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who + V + O 
  Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
 → It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
b. Với danh từ chỉ vật
               It + is / was + Noun + that + V + O 
    Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
 → It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
 2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)
a. Với danh từ / đại từ chỉ người
               It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who(m) + S + V
 Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
 → It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không dùng whom thay cho who.
b. Với danh từ chỉ vật
              It + is / was + Noun + that + S + V 
 Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
 → It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
             It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V 
 Ex: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
- Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.
 4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)
a. Với danh từ / đại từ chỉ người
              It + is / was + Noun / pronoun + who + be + V3/-ed
 Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
b. Với danh từ chỉ vật
               It + is / was + Noun + that + be + V3/-ed
 Ex: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
PRACTICE OF CLEFT SENTENCES (CÂU NHẤN MẠNH)
1. SUBJECT FOCUS (NHẤN MẠNH CHỦ NGỮ)
It + is/ was + subject (chủ ngữ) + that + verb (động từ): chính ai đó làm 
1. My mother loves me most. (mẹ yêu tôi nhất)
à It is my mother that loes me most.(chính mẹ là người yêu tôi nhất)
2. That man stole my wallet. (người đàn ông đó đã trộm cái ví tiền của tôi)
à It was that man that stole my wallet. (chính người đàn ông đó đã trộm cái ví tiền của tôi)
EXERCISES
1.My father usually complains about my students whenever they go to my house.
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2.I used to like climbing up tress and pick fruits
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3.My neighbors always make noise at night
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4.We often complains about the noise at night
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5.You gave her a bunch of rose last week
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6.Our English teacher is the greatest teacher in the world
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7.The earthquake destroyed everything two years ago
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8.My recent computer helps me a lots in preparing tasks for my students
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9.My students’ bad behavior made me sad yesterday morning
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10. The man gave her the book
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11.The boy visited his uncle last month
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12. I and she sang together at the party
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13.Nam’s father got angry with him
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14.The boys played football all day long
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15The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday
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16.His presence at the meeting frightened the children
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17.My mother bought me a present on my birthday party
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18.The neighbor told them about it
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19.My friend came to see me late last night
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20.That boy scored the goal for his team
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21.The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away
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22.The strong wind blew the roof off.
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2. OBJECT FOCUS (NHẤN MẠNH TÂN NGỮ)
It + is/ was + object (t. ngữ) + that + clause (mệnh đề= ch. ngữ + v. ngữ): chính ai/ cái gì đó, một ai đó làm/ đã làm
1. I love my mother most. (tôi yêu mẹ tôi nhất)
à It is my mother that I love most. (chính mẹ là người tôi yêu nhất)
2. I bought this motor in 2001. (tôi đã mua chiếc xe máy này vào năm 2001)
à It was this motor that I bought in 2001. (chính chiếc xe máy này tôi đã mua năm 2001)
EXERCISES
1. My younger sister always keeps her doll carefully.
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2.The boy hit the dog in the garden.
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3.The woman answered the man rudely.
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4.The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
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5.The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
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6.My wife gave this T-shirt to me on my last birthday party
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7.I always keep your picture besides me.
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8.He borrowed the money from his close friend – Hoa.
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9.The police arrested the man at the railway station.
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10.The man is learning English.
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11.The woman gave him the English book.
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12.She sent her friend a post card.
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13.Hoa borrowed some English books from Long.
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14.The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
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15.The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
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16.The dog barked at the stranger.
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17.My mom is making some cakes for our dinner.
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18.We all saw her husband out side the theater last night.
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19.Mr. Hao repaired the roof yesterday morning.
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20.I always meet my students in the café whenever I come there.
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21.I bought this motor in HCM city some years ago.
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22.I met Sasa on the way to my school.
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3. ADVERBIAL FOCUS (NHẤN MẠNH TRẠNG TỪ)
It + is/ was + adverbial (trạng từ) + that + clause (mệnh đề= ch. Ngữ + v. ngữ): chíng nơi nào đó/ chính lúc nào đó, ai đó làm/ đã làm ..
1.I was born in Can Duoc. (tôi được sinh ra ở Cần Đước)
à It was in Can Duoc that I was born. (chính Cần Đước là nơi tôi được sinh ra)
2.We often gather for our study at her house. (chúng tôi thường tập trung để học tại nhà của cô ấy)
à It is at her house we often gather for our study. (chính tại nhà của cô ấy là nơi chúng tôi thường tập hợp để học).
EXERCISES
 1.We were born in this place
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 2.We often gather for dinner in this restaurant
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3.The boy hit the dog in the garden.
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4. He bought the book from that corner shop.
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 5. She bought him a present at the shop.
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6. She makes some cakes for tea.
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7. His father repaired the bicycle for him.
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 8.The meeting started at 8.00 a.m.
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9.We all bought those things from Susu shop
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10. He met his wife in Britain.
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11.My mom presented a lap top on my birthday party.
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12.Kathy bought her husband an anniversary gift at a sports shop.
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13.He got married when he was 26 years old.
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14.They were having barbecue in the park.
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15.I met her on the way to school.
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16.They often had parties on the weekend.
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17.The police arrested the thief at the railway station.
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18.I gave him a photo album on his wedding day.
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19.We planted some young trees in the garden.
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20.I met my wife when I was a student at teacher training college.
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CLEFT SENTENCES (SUBJECT/ OBJECT/ ADVERD)
1.The boy visited his uncle last month.
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2.I and she sang together at the party.
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3.Nam’s father got angry with him.
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4.The boys played football all day long.
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5.The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday.
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6.His presence at the meeting frightened the children.
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7.My mother bought me a present on my birthday party.
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8.The neighbor told them about it.
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9. My friend came to see me late last night
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10. That boy scored the goal for his team.
..
11.The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away.
..
12. The strong wind blew the roof off.
..
13.The police arrested the man at the railway station.
..
14. The man is learning English
..
15.The woman gave him the English book.
..
16.She sent her friend a post card.
..
17.Hoa borrowed some English books from Long.
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18.The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
..
19.The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
..
20.The dog barked at the stranger.
..
21.My mom is making some cakes for our dinner.
..
22.We all saw her husband out side the theater last night.
..
23. Mr. Hao repaired the roof yesterday morning.
..
24.I always meet this student in the café whenever I come there.
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25.I bought this motor in HCM city some years ago.
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26.I met Sasa on the way to my school.
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27.We were born in this place.
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28.We often gather for dinner in this restaurant.
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29.The boy hit the dog in the garden.
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30.He bought the book from that corner shop.
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CLEFT SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE (CÂU RÚT GỌN DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)
It + is/ was + subject(lấy từ tân ngữ) + that + be + V-ed/ V cột 3. (chínhđược ..)
My father gave me a lot of toys. (cha tôi cho tôi nhiều đồ chơi)
à It was I that was given a lot of toys by my father.(chính tôi được cha tôi cho nhiều đồ chơi.)
His wife clean the floor every evening.
à It is the floor that is cleaned by his wife every evening.
EXERCISES
1.My husband watered the flowers every day.
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2.They celebrated their wedding last week.
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3.He described his home town in his novel.
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4.Most girls like spring.
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5.My father bought the car for me on my birthday.
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6.The prince kissed my younger sister at the party.
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7.My younger sister always keeps her doll carefully.
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8. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
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9. The woman answered the man rudely.
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10. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
..
11. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
..
12. My wife gave this T-shirt to me on my last birthday party.
..
13. I always keep your picture besides me.
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14. He borrowed the money from his close friend.
..
15. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
..
16. The man is learning English.
..
17. The woman gave him the English book.
..
18. She sent her friend a post card.
..
19. Hoa borrowed some English books from Long.
..
20. The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
..
21. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
..
22. The dog barked at the stranger.
..
23. My mom is making some cakes for our dinner.
..
24. We all saw her husband out side the theater lats night.
..
25. Mr.Hao repaired the roof yesterday morning.
..
26. I always meet my students in the cafee whenever I come there.
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27. I bought this motor in HCM city some years ago.
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28. I met Sasa on the way to my school.
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29. Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year.
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30. My mother gave me this story book as a birthday present.
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31. Her younger sister broke her classes.
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32. She frightened the children.
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33. My father bought me a lap top for my birthday.
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34. People talked a lot about his house.
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35. The pedestrian asked the policeman for the direction to the post office.
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36. Fans gave Christina lots of flowers
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