Luyện tiếng anh: The passive voice (thể bị động)

THE PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
I. Công thức chung : BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (PP = V-ed/V3)
II. Công thức của từng thì:
TENSES
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
1. The simple present
S + V(s/es/o)
S+ am/is/are+3/ed
2. The pre. Continuous
S + am/ is/ are + V-ing
S+am/is/are/+being+3/ed
3. The present perfect
S + have/ has + V 3/ed
S+ have/has+ been+3/ed
4. The simple past
S + V2/ V-ed
S+ was/were+3/ed
5. The past continuous
S + was/ were + V- ing
S+ was/were+being+3/ed
6. The past perfect
S + had + 3/ed
S+ had+been+3/ed
7. The simple future
S + will/ shall + V-0
S+ will/shall+be+3/ed
8. The near future
S+am/ is/are going to+ V-0
S+am/is/are going to+be+3/ed
9. The Modal verbs
S + can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, have to, ought to +V-0
S + can/could/may..+ be + 3/ed
III. Quy tắc chuyên sang câu bị động:
1. Xác định S, V, O ở câu chủ động.
2. Lấy tân ngữ (O) của câu chủ động về làm chủ ngữ (S) của câu bị động. 
3. Xem động từ chính của câu chủ động chia ở thì nào thì chia động từ to be ở câu bị động thì đó và biến đổi động từ chính của câu chủ động về dạng quá khứ phân từ (past participle) ở câu bị động
4. Lấy chủ ngữ (S) của câu chủ động về làm bổ túc từ (O) của câu bị động và viết giới từ by ở đằng trước bổ tức từ đó.
IV. Cấu trúc : Chủ động : S V O
 Bị động : S ( BY + O)
 ( BE + PP)
V. Examples: 
1. My mother has made that cake.
 S	 V	 O
---- That cake has been made by my mother
VI. Các trường hợp cần lưu ý:
1. S của câu chủ động là những đại từ nhân xưng ( he, she, you, they, we..) và các từ như: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody,..... thì lượt bỏ by O trong câu bị động nếu không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân.
Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers.
---- I have been sent the flowers.
2. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước “by + O”.
Ex: The police found him in the foresst.
----He was found in the forest by the police.
3. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau “by + O”.
Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week.
---- The house was bought by Mr Brown last week.
4. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách đứng giữa “BE + PP”.
Ex: The boss has treated them badly.
---- They have been badly treated by the boss.
5. Đối với một số động từ có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ có thể làm chử ngữ của câu bị động; tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ người thường được dùng nhiều hơn.
Ex: He sent me a postcard.
---- I was sent a postcard.
---- A postcard was sent to me.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence
1. Tea _______ to Japan from China in 1191.
	A. took	B. is taken	C. has taken	D. was taken
2. Sometimes mistakes _______ .It’s inevitable.
	A. are made	B. are making	C. make	D. have made
3. A lot of rice _______ in South-East Asia today.
	A. grow	B. grew	C. is grown	D. growing
4. Five hundred people _______ from their homes up to now.
	A. have evacuated	B. have been evacuated	
C. were evacuating	D. have been evacuating
5. English _______ by most people in the world.
	A. speaks	B. is spoken	 C. spoke	D. is speaking
Peter and Tom _________ in an accident yesterday.
	A. is hurt B. is hurted C. were hurt D. were hurted
South Florida and HawaiI _________ by a hurricane.
	A. is hit B. have been hit C. have are hit D. has been hit
We can’t go along here because the road_________
	A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired	D. repairs
I’m going to go out and_________
 A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
We_________ by a loud noise during the night.
 A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up
Change these sentences into passive voice.
1.My father waters this flower every morning.
This flower is watered (by my father) every morning.
2. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen
3. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.
4. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?	
Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?
5. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning.
Mark a, b, c, or d to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
1. We were surprising by the results of the test.
 A B C D
2. The first postage stamps issued in New York City in 1842.
 A B C D
3. The music on a compact disc is recording by lasers.
 A B C D