Giáo án chuyên đề tiếng Anh - Sentence elements

PHẦN IV - SENTENCE ELEMENTS
SUBJECT (S):
Definition: Gender to be the action doer or described or mentioned. 
 (là chủ thể của hành động hay đối tượng được miêu tả).
Classification:
Subject pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ)
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
Singular form
I
You
He, She, It
Plural form
We
You
They
Eg. He went abroad to study medicine. They were killed in an accident.
Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. Love is a stage of feeling and can’t be recognized by senses.
 Gain and loss go together.
Gerunds: eg. Fishing is his favourite pastime. Getting good marks is not always difficult.
Clauses: eg. What we really wish is to be at the cinema. All she can say is that he is a liar.
COMPLEMENTS (C):
Definition: Element to be described or mentioned usually follows the verb to be or link verbs. 
 (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau “to be” hoặc các link verbs).
Classification:
Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. She is a kind hearted lady. They became the new employees.
Gerunds: eg. Her hobby is singing.
Verbs: eg. My dream is to become a teacher.
Clauses: eg. A full apology is what the boss wants now./ A smile is all he could do and what he should do.
Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted.
OBJECTS (O):
Definition: Gender to be described or mentioned usually follows ordinary verbs to show the direct or indirect goals that the verbs aim at. (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau động từ thường chỉ hướng hay đối tượng của động từ).
Classification:
Object pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ)
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
Singular form
me
you
him, her, it
Plural form
us
you
them
Eg. We met him yesterday. She made us a big cake.
Nouns, or noun phrases: eg. She gave me a blank look. We sent endless letters to the manager.
Gerunds: eg. The man loved telling funny stories. / She was interested in going shopping on Sundays.
Verbs: eg. Jack wished to become an astronaut. Kelvin loves to do the crosswords.
Clauses: eg. We know how we should solve the problem. She asked why we didn’t arrive on time.
Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (Co) – The long walk made us exhausted.
ADVERBIALS (A):
Definition: Element to be used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time, places, purposes, or others. (được dùng để miêu tả trạng thái, cách thức, phương pháp, mức độ, hay dùng để chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, mục đích,… của hành động).
Classification:
Adverbs: eg. We often go to work by bus. She danced marvelously.
Adverbials: eg. In the past, people used to live in a large family.
Clauses: eg. When we came, they were fighting./ Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam.
VERBS (V):
Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences.
Classification: phân loại động từ
2.1. Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ
2.1.1. Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs)
2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/ (These are sometimes functional verbs)
2.2. Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa
2.2.1. Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish)
2.2.2. Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful)
2.2.3. Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without
 any complementation. e.g. She cried (noisily). It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs)
2.2.4. Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation.
Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O).
e.g. She bought flowers. Ann met her fiance’ yesterday.
Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects. (S+V+O+O)
e.g. She bought me some sweets. (= She bought some sweets for me)
 They gave me a big cake. (=They gave a big cake to me)
Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co”
e.g. He made me angry. The female film star drove him mad.
Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ
3.1. en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to )
 e.g. danger…….to endanger wide……....to widen rich………..to enrich
 courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad ……..to broaden 
3.2. ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify) 
 e.g. modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize
 maximum….to maximize capital……..to capitalize natural……..to naturalize 
Sentence models:
4.1
S + V-intrans
They laugh/ The wind is blowing.
4.2
S + V-monotrans + O
He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella.
4.3
S + V-in/ extensive + Cs
He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted.
4.4
S + V-intrans + A
He went abroad/ She arrives late.
4.5
S + V-ditrans + O + O
She buys me presents/ That brings my father success. 
4.6
S + V-complex trans + O + C
The story made me bored/ You drive me mad.
4.7
S + V-intrans + A + A/ others
She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning.
PRACTICE EXERCISE 6 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 6
Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. Whenever he has free time, he goes swimming. Swimming is his______ pastime .
 A. favor	B. favorable	C. favored	D. favorite
2. Children______ eating sweets.
 A. want	B. like	C. need	D. prefer
3. Young people hate______, they prefer making questions.
 A. ask	B. asking	C. be asked	D. being asked
4. Your sister will be ill if she doesn’t stop ______ so much.
 A. to worry 	B. worry 	C. worried 	D. worrying
5. The word “fishing” in “Fishing is his favorite pastime” is a(n______.
 A. noun	B. pronoun	C. gerund	D. adjective
6. He loves______ lies, that’s why we call him “a liar”.
 A .telling	B. saying	C. speaking	D. talking
7. The word “stopped” in “He stopped smoking 5 years ago” can be replaced by______.
 A. took up	B. came up	C. picked up	D. gave up
8. She’s thirsty. She’d like______ a cold drink.
 A. have	B. having	C. to have 	D. to having
9. She never gets up late. She’s used to______ up early.
 A. get	B. getting	C. gets	D. got	
10. One of those______ from Japan.
 A. students are	B. student are	C. students is	D. student is	
11. Among those, I like the red one______.
 A. more	B. best	C. better	D. much
12. We’ve got very______ milk left.
 A. little	B. a little	C. few	D. a few
13. He has been in hospital______ last Tuesday.
 A. for	B. when	C. from 	D. since
14. I don’t really like An, but this time I’d like ______ him.
 A. to meet	B. meet	C. met	D. meeting
15. The science classes at this______ difficult.
 A. schools are	B. school are	C. school is	D. schools is	 
16. Be quiet! I______ to listen to some important information.
 A. was trying	B. am trying	C. try	D. tried
17. The teacher made us______ hard for the final examination.
 A. learn	B. learning	C. to learn	D. learnt
18. Neither Bill nor Norris______ going to the play tonight.
was	B. were	C. are	D. is
 He used ______ on time. But this time he is terribly late.
A. arriving 	B. arrive	C. to arrive	D. to arriving
He found______ to live on his unemployment benefit.
A. it	B. its	C. it’s	D. it is
My hobby is watching the whole city from the______.
A. sky-lift	B. skywalk	C. skydiver	D. skydiving
Kangaroos are merely found in______.
A. Asia	B. America	C. Australia	D. Austria
Opera, Jazz and Pop are sorts of______.
A. music	B. musical	C. musician	D. musicology
There are many thieves in the town. Remember ______ the door before you go out.
A. lock	B. locking	C. to lock	D. locked
Jane has to live on her unemployment benefit. She is now______.
A. out of work	B. out of order	C. out of date	D. out of office
26. Mt Everest is ______ highest peak of ______ Himalayas.
 A. a/ the 	B. the/ a 	 	C. the/ nothing 	D. the/ the
27. Nothing in your room ______ since you were sent to the hospital.
 A. have been moved 	B. has been moved 	C. have moved 	D. has moved
28. Water plays a vital ______ in developing agriculture.
 A. part 	B. importance 	C. vision 	D. character
29. The weather in the South of Vietnam seems ______. than ______ in the North.
 A. more pleasant/ it 	B. more pleasant/ that 	C. pleasant/ the weather D. more pleasant/ those
30. It’s more ______ to use gas instead of electricity to warm up the house.
 A. economy 	B. economic 	C. economical 	D. economist
31. Ha Long is a place______ is good for sightseeing 
 A. it	B. which	 	C. what	 	D. its	
32. It is his return______ made her happy 
 A. which	B. this	C. that	D. it
33. He is 59 years old. He______ next year.
 A. is going to retire	B. retires	C. retired	D. has retired
34.A dictionary is a book______ explains words.
 A. what	B. it	C. its	D. which
 35. British Isles______ by speakers of Celtic language two thousand years ago.
 A. inhabited 	 	B. are inhabited 	C. were inhabited 	D. were inhabiting
36. He is from Tokyo. He speaks______ .
 A. Japan	B. Tokyo	C. Japanese	D. Chinese
37. He wore dark glasses so that nobody could______ him.
 A. recognize	B. recognition	C. recognized 	D. recognizable
38. Modern English is different______ old English.
 A. of	B. in	C. from	 	D. on	
39. It is necessary to learn a foreign______ .
 A. tongue	B. story	C. country	 D. language
40. He arrived in Singapore ________ Monday evening.
A. in	B. from	 C. on D. at
41. Unless we hurry, we’ll ______ the bus.
A. miss 	B. remember 	C. catch D. get in
42. I wish I ________ here longer, but it’s time for me to go home.
A. stay	B. can stay 	 C. will stay D. could stay
43. We are going to watch “The English language” program______ will be on at 8 p.m	
 A. it	B. what	C. which	 D. they
44. It’s the flood ______ sweeps away the house
 A. that	B. this	C. these	 	D. those
45. English______ by about 700 million people around the world.
 A. is been spoken 	B. is going to spoken 	 	C. is spoken	 	D. will spoken 
46. Would you mind ________ me your address?
 A. telling	B. tell	 C. to tell D. told
47. I won’t write ______ him after finishing this test.
 A. for 	B. to 	C. from 	D. A or B
48. I like the work which is easy______.
 A. doing	B. to do	C. done	 	D. for do
49. Chinese is the only language with more______ than English
 A. speakers	B. persons	C. pupils	 D. many adults
50. They are interested in practicing______.
 A. France	B. Spain	C. English	 D. Russia