Giáo án chuyên đề tiếng Anh - Phần IX: Some confused or misused words

PHẦN IX: SOME CONFUSED OR MISUSED WORDS
TỪ DỄ GÂY HIỂU LẦM, DÙNG LẦM
1. Nh÷ng tõ dÔ g©y nhÇm lÉn lµ nh÷ng tõ rÊt dÔ g©y nhÇm lÉn vÒ mÆt ng÷ nghÜa, chÝnh t¶ hoÆc c¸ch ph¸t ©m.
ANGEL (n): Thiªn thÇn. vs. ANGLE (n) : Gãc.
CITE (v) : TrÝch dÉn. In her term paper, Janis had to cite many references.
SITE (n) : Khu ®Êt ( ®Ó x©y dùng). 
Eg. The corner of North Main and Mimosa Streets will be the site of the new shopping center.
SIGHT (n) : 	1- Khe ng¾m, tÇm ng¾m. 	Eg. Through the sight of the rifle, the soldier spotted the enemy. 	
 (n)	2- c¶nh t­îng. 	Eg. Whatching the landing of the space’s capsule was a pleasant sight.
 (v)	3- ThÊy, quan s¸t thÊy. 	Eg. We sighted a ship in the bay.
COSTUME (n) 	QuÇn ¸o, trang phôc lÔ héi. 	
Eg. It is a custom in Western Europe for little boys to wear shorts pants to school.
DECENT (adj) : 1- ®øng ®¾n, tÒ chØnh./ 	2- t­¬m tÊt, tèt
Eg. When one appears in court, one must wear decent clothing.
DESCENT (n) : 	1- leo xuèng, trÌo xuèng.
Eg. The mountain climbers found their descent more hazardous than their ascent.
	2- nguån gèc, dßng dâi. 	Eg. Vladimir is of Russian descent.
DESSERT (n): Mãn tr¸ng miÖng. 	Eg. We had apple pie for dessert last night.
DESERT (n): sa m¹c. 	Eg. It is difficult to live in the desert without water.
DESERT (v): bá, bá mÆc.	Eg. After deserting the post, the soldier ran away from the camp.
LATER (adv): sau ®ã, sau ®©y, råi th× (th­êng dïng víi c©u ë t­¬ng lai). Ng­îc nghÜa víi nã lµ earlier (®­îc dïng ë simple past).	Eg. We went to the movies and later had ice cream at Dairy Isle.
THE LATTER 	(C¸i thø 2, ng­êi thø 2)	 >< 	THE FORMER (c¸i thø nhÊt, ng­êi thø nhÊt)
Eg. Germany and England both developed dirigibles for use during World war II, the latter primarily for coastal reconnaissance. (latter = England).
LOOSE (adj): láng >< TIGHT: chËt
Eg. After dieting, Marcy found that her clothes had become so loose that she had to buy a new wardrobe.
LOSE (v) : 	1- ®¸nh mÊt, thÊt l¹c.	Eg. Mary lost her glasses last week. 
	2- thua, thÊt b¹i.	Eg. If Harry doesn’t practice his tennis more, he may lose the match.
PASSED (v - qu¸ khø cña pass) : 1- tr«i qua, qua ®i.	Eg. Five hours passed before the jury reached its verdict.
	2- ®i qua, ®i ngang qua. 	 Eg: While we were sitting in the park, several of our friends passed us.
	3- thµnh c«ng, v­ît qua ®­îc.	Eg. The students are happy that they passed their exams.
PAST (adj) : 	1- ®· qua, dÜ v·ng. Eg. This past week has been very hectic for the students returning to the university.
	2- tr­íc ®©y. Eg. In the past, he had been a cook, a teacher, and a historian.
PEACE (n): hoµ b×nh, sù trËt tù, sù yªn æn, sù yªn lÆng, sù thanh b×nh.
Eg. Peace was restored to the community after a week of rioting.
PIECE (n): Mét mÈu, 1 m¶nh.	Eg. Heidi ate a piece of chocolate cake for dessert.
PRINCIPAL (n): 	1- hiÖu tr­ëng (tr­êng tiÓu häc vµ trung häc). Eg. The principal called a faculty meeting.
 (adj)	2- chÝnh, chñ yÕu. Eg. An anthropologist, who had worked with the indigenous tribes in Australia, was the principal speaker at Friday’s luncheon.
PRINCIPLE (n): Nguyªn t¾c, luËt lÖ. Eg. Mr. Connors is a man who believes that truthfulness is the best principle.
QUIET (adj): yªn ¾ng, yªn ¶, im lÆng,tÜnh mÞch.	 Eg. The night was so quiet that you could hear the breeze blowing.
QUITE (adv) : 1- hoµn toµn. Eg. Louise is quite capable of taking over the household chores while her mother is away.
	2- h¬i, mét chót.	Eg. He was quite tired after his first day of classes.
QUIT (v): dõng.	Eg. Herman quit smoking on his doctor’s advice.
STATIONARY (adj): cè ®Þnh, kh«ng di chuyÓn, tÜnh t¹i.
Eg. The weatherman said that the warm front would be stationary for several days.
STATIONERY (n): GiÊy viÕt ®Æc biÖt, v¨n phßng phÈm.
Eg. Lucille used only monogrammed stationary for correspondence.
THAN (liªn tõ) : ®­îc sö dông trong c©u so s¸nh h¬n. Eg. Today’s weather is better than yesterday’s.
THEN (adj) : sau ®ã ( ®­îc dïng sau 1 thêi ®iÓm ®· ®­îc ®Ò cËp).
Eg. First, Julie filled out her schedule; then, she paid her fees.
THEIR (adj): tÝnh tõ së h÷u sè nhiÒu. 	Eg. Their team scored the most points during the game.
THERE (adv): 	1- ë ®ã, ë ®»ng kia.	Eg. Look over there between the trees. 
	2- ®­îc sö dông víi be ®Ó chØ ra sù hiÖn diÖn, sù cã mÆt, sù tån t¹i.
Eg. There is a book on the teacher’s desk.
THEY’RE (®¹i tõ + ®éng tõ): viÕt t¾t cña they are. 	Eg. They’re leaving on the noon flight to Zurich.
TO (giíi tõ) : ®i tíi, cho tíi, tíi tËn lóc.	Eg. Go to the blackboard and write out the equation.
TWO (n/ adj) - hai.	Eg. Two theories have been proposed to explain that incident.
TOO (adv) 	1- qu¸.	Eg. This morning was too cold for the children go to swimming.
	2- còng, còng vËy.	Eg. Jane went to the movie, and we did too.
WEATHER (n): thêi tiÕt. 	Eg. Our flight was delayed because of bad weather.
WHETHER (liªn tõ): nªn ch¨ng (chØ ra 1 lùa chän).
Eg. Because of gas shortage, we do not know whether we will go away for our vacation or stay home.
WHOSE (adj) - tÝnh tõ hay ®¹i tõ quan hÖ së h÷u. Eg. The person whose name is drawn first will win the grand prize.
WHO’S ( re-pro + v) : viÕt t¾t cña who + is hoÆc who + has. 
 Eg. Who’s (who is) your new biology professor? Scott is the attorney who’s (who has) been reviewing this case.
YOUR (adj) - së h÷u cña you. Eg. We are all happy about your accepting the position with the company in Baltimore.
YOU’RE (pro + v) - ViÕt t¾t cña you + are. Eg. You’re going to enjoy the panorama from the top of the hill.