Giáo án chuyên đề tiếng Anh 11 - Phonetics – Stress – Trọng âm

 condition now on condition that it (rebuild) ___ for many years ago.
20. If my father went to Manchester last week, he (visit) ______ Real next week.
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Buổi 15 - Bài 6. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON – NGUYÊN NHÂN, LÍ DO
1. Because/ because of
 - Because 
Because S + V, S+ V = S + V because S + V
 - Because of 
... because of + danh từ/ cụm danh từ
Notes: Jan was worried because it had started to rain. = Jan was worried because of the rain.
 	 Subject verb 	noun
The students arrived late because there was a traffic jam.
 	 verb subject
The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.
 	 noun phrase
We have to cut down on our driving because there is an oil shortage.
 verb subject
We have to cut down on our driving because of the oil shortage.
 noun phrase
2. Special verbs 
a. have/ get / make
to have sb do st = to get sb to do st
e.g. Mary had John wash the car (John washed the car). Mary got John to wash the car. (John washed the car.)
to have / get st done 
Eg. 	Mary got the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.) 
Mary had the car washed. (The car was wash by somebody.) 
I have the laundry washed. (the laundry is washed by someone)
to want / like something done
Eg. 	- What do you want done to your motorbike?	- I’d like it repaired and cleaned
- I want it repaired and cleaned. 
to make sb do st = to force sb to do st
Eg. The robber forced the teller to give him the money.
= The robber made the teller give him the money.
to make sb do st = to cause st +P2
Eg. 	Working all night on Friday made me tired on Saturday.
The hurricane caused many water front houses damaged.
b.
to make sb / st + adjective
Eg. Wearing flowers made her more beautiful.
to find + sb/ sth + adjective (P1- P2)
Eg.	I found her quite interesting to talk to. My sister found snakes frightening.
We found the boy frightened.
c. Let. 
let sb do st = to allow/ permit sb to do st 
Eg. John let his daughter swim with her friends. (John allowed his daughter to swim with her friends.)
(John permitted his daughter to swim with her friends.)
The teacher let the students leave class early./ The policeman let the suspect make one phone call.
Dr. Jones is letting the students hand in the papers on Monday.
Mrs. Binion let her son spend the night with a friend./ We are going to let her write the letter.
Mr. Brown always lets his children watch cartoons on Saturday mornings.
d. Help. 
to help sb do/ to do st 
Eg. John helped Mary wash the dishes. Jorge helped the old woman with the packages (to) find a taxi. The teacher helped Carolina find the research materials.
Eg. 	This wonderful drug helps (people to) recover more quickly.
Eg. 	The body fat of the bear will help (him to) keep him alive during hibernation
Exercise 11/30
The rail workers do not intend to call off their strike. 
à The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike.
Mrs. Scott is proud of her cooking. 
àMrs. Scott prides herself on her cooking/on being a good cook.
It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us. 
à If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper we could/would have lost the match.
It wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job.
 àIt came as no surprise (to me) (to hear) that Karen had changed her job.
You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed. 
à There’s no point in) (you/your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/to borrow Tim’s car.
John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing. 
à Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate.
I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achievements. 
àMuch as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her.
It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error. 
à The accident is thought/believed to have been caused by human error.
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Buổi 16 - Bài 7. COMPARISON – SO SÁNH
Các cấp so sánh thông dụng với tính từ và trạng từ: (so sánh bằng, hơn, hơn nhất)
1.1. Positive degree: so sánh bằng as + adjs + as 
 Eg: - She is as tall as my wife. - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me).
1.2. Comparative degree: so sánh hơn
1.2.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết adjs-ER + than
 Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us)
1.2.2. Multisyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết more + adjs + than
 Eg: - She was more hard-working than us. - We are more intelligent than him. 
1.3. Superlative degree: so sánh hơn nhất
1.3.1. Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết the adjs-EST
 Eg: - Nam is the best in our class. - She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met.
1.3.2. Multisyllable- adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết the most + adjs
 Eg: 	- Sharol was the most intelligent in my group. 
- She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known.
Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases:
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
clever
cleverer
the cleverest
bad
worse
the worst
pretty
prettier
the prettiest
far
farther/ further
the farthest/ furthest
happy
happier
the happiest
little
less
the least
silly
sillier
the silliest
man / much
more
the most
good
better
the best
old
older/ elder
the oldest/ eldest
 1.4. Parallel: so sánh song song và so sánh thăng tiến
 - “The…..the”: The older she gets, the wiser she become.
 - And: It’s getting darker and darker. She has now more and more free time.
 - Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike.
 It’s nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone
 1.5. Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill. Tom and Bill are alike.
1.6. Like/ as: He swims like a fish. You look like a ghost. Do as I told you.
1.7. Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave).
 He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact).
1.8. The adjectives: The rich, the poor,…
2. Practice test:
1. Sarah is ____ at chemistry than Susan.
	A. good 	B. well 	C. better 	D. best
2. I don’t work so hard ____ my father.
	A. so 	B. as 	C. than 	D. more
3. Sam is the ____ student in my class.
	A. tall 	B. most tall 	C. taller 	D. tallest
4. No one in my class is ____ beautiful ____ her.
	A. as/as 	B. more/as 	C. as/than 	D. the/more
5. Going by train isn’t ____ convenient as going by car.
	A. so 	B. as 	C. more 	D. A & B are correct.
6. The test is not ____ difficult ____ it was last month.
	A. as / as 	B. so / as 	C. more / as 	D. A & B are correct.
7. Peter usually drives ____ Mary
	A. more fast 	B. fast than 	C. faster than 	D. B & C are correct.
8. She cooked ____ than you.
	A. well 	B. more good 	C. better 	D. more well
9. This film is ____ interesting than that film.
	A. most 	B. less 	C. as 	D. so
10. My salary is ____ his salary.
	A. high 	B. more high 	C. higher than 	D. more higher than
11. He works ____ we do.
	A. harder 	B. as hard as 	C. harder 	D. so hard as
12. No one in this class is ____ Jimmy.
	A. so tall as 	B. tall than 	C. the tallest 	D. more tall than
13. Apples are usually ____ oranges.
	A. cheap than 	B. more cheap 	C. the cheapest 	D. cheaper than
14. I know him ____ than you do.
	A. better 	B. more well 	C. good 	D. the best
15. ________ you are, ____________ you concentrate.
	A. Tired/the least hard 	B. The more tired/the harder
C. The tireder/the harder 	D. The tired/the harder
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Buổi 17 - Bài 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES – GIẢ ĐỊNH
1. The use of “as if/ as though”	
a. The present sense: 
 S + verb (simple present) + as if/ as though + S + verb (simple past)
Eg.	The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer. (It is not winter.)
 	hiện tại giả định quá khứ
Angelique walks as though she studied modelling. (She didn’t study modelling) 
 hiện tại giả định quá khứ
He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich)
 	 hiện tại giả định quá khứ
b. The past sense: 
 S + verb (simple past) + as if/ as though + S + verb (past perfect) 
Eg. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. (She didn’t win the grand prize.)
 Past simple past perfect
 Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost. (She didn’t see a ghost.)
 Past simple past perfect
He looked as though he had run ten miles. (He didn’t run ten miles.)
 Past simple past perfect
2. The use of with and hope: 
Eg.	I hope that they will come. ( I don’t know if they are coming.)	
We hope that they came yesterday. ( We don’t know if they came.)
a. The future sense: Would / could + verb or were + Ving.
S+ wish + (that) + S* + could/ would/ were + verb/ V-ing
Eg.	We wish that you could come to the party tonight. (You can’t come.)
I wish that you would stop saying that. (You probably won’t stop.)
She wish that she were coming with us. ( She is not coming with us.)
b. The present sense: 
S + wish + (that) + S* + verb in simple past ...
Eg.	I wish that I had enough time to finish my homework. ( I don’t have enough time.)
We wish that he were old enough to come with us. ( He is not old enough.)
They wish that they didn’t have to go to class today. ( They have to go to class.)
c. The past sense: 
S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect/ could have + P2
Eg.	I wish that I had washed the clothes yesterday. ( I didn’t wash the clothes yesterday.)
She wish that she could have been there. ( She couldn’t be there.)
We wish that we had had more time last night. ( We didn’t have more time.)
Notes.	He wished that he could come to the party next week.
 quá khứ giả định quá khứ	 tương lai
The photographer wished that we stood closer together than we are standing now.
 quá khứ giả định quá khứ	 hiện tại
to wish somebody something
Eg.	I wish you a happy birthday.
Exercise 12/30
Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket. (credited) 
àTsiolkovsky is/has been credited with the invention of the space rocket.
I daren’t turn on the TV because the baby might wake up. (fear) 
àI daren’t turn on the TV for fear of waking up the baby.
Some people will do anything to lose weight. (lengths) 
à Some people will do any/great lengths to lose weight
The two theories appear to be completely different. (common) 
àThe 2 theories (appear to) have (got) nothing in common/no common ground
Several members of the committee said they were worried about the chairman’s proposals. (concern) 
àSeveral members of the committee expressed concern about/at/over the chairman’s proposal
The river Volta overflowed last year. (burst) àThe river Volta burst its banks last year
He doesn’t appreciate his wife. (granted) àHe takes his wife for granted
The number of people out of work has been going down little by little. (gradual) 
à There has been a gradual decrease/decline/fall in the number of people out of work.
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Buổi 18 - Bài 8. SUBJUNCTIVE CLAUSES – GIẢ ĐỊNH
1. Một số động từ dùng dạng giả định
To hear
O
do something
To hear
O
doing something
To watch 
To watch 
To see
To see
eg. I didn’t hear the telephone ring OR I didn’t hear the telephone ringing
2.
advise
ask
command
decree demand
insist
move
order
prefer
propose
recommend
request
Require
stipulate
suggest/urge
or
S1 + verb + that + S 2+ [verb in simple form] ...
Eg. We urge that he leave now. Eg. 	We urge him to leave now. 
	The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.
The university requires that all its students take this course.
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking./ 
Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax be abolished.
We proposed that he take a vacation./ I move that we adjourn until this afternoon.
b. 
advised
important
mandatory necessary
obligatory
proposed
recommended
required
suggested
imperative
urgent
or
It + be + adjective + that + S + [verb in simple form ]...
 ( any tense)
	It is necessary that he find the books.
It was urgent that she leave at once./ It has been proposed that we change the topic.
It is important that you remember this question. 
It has been suggested that he forget the election.
It was recommended that we wait for the authorities.
c. 
It + be + noun + that + S + [verb in simple form ]...
 ( any tense)
Eg. It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking.
d. Eg. God save the queen !. God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau)
Curse this frog!	Come what may: 
 	Come what may we will stand by you. If need be: 
 	If need be we can take another road.
If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent.
e. it is time
It is time (for sb) to do st : 
Eg. It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time). 
It is time
subject + simple past
It is high time
It is about time
Exercise 13/30
House prices have risen dramatically this year. 
à There has been a dramatic increase in (the) house prices this year.
This affair does not concern you. à This affair is no concern/business of yours.
You must submit articles for the magazine by June 18th. 
àThe final date for you to submit articles for the magazine is June 18th .
Although Jimmy was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him. 
àDespite his(superior) strength Jimmy was (soon) overpowered by his attacker.
What a surprise to see you here! àFancy seeing you here.
I don’t intend to apologize to either of them. à I have no intention of apologizing to either of them.
It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me. 
àNot until(after) I (had) left home did I realize how much my father meant to me.
The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended. àHad it not been for the attendance/appearance of a famous film star the party would have been a failure.
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Buổi 19 - Bài 9. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT – KẾT QUẢ
1. Phrase of result: Thường dùng với “TOO”/ “ENOUGH” theo cấu trúc sau:
S + be (look/ seem/ get/ become/…) + too ADJ (for O) + to V
S + V + too ADV (for O) + to V
Eg. He is too short to play football./ He ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.
S + be + ADJ enough (for O) + to V hay S + V + ADV enough (for O) + to V
Eg. She isn’t old enough to drive a car. / He spoke English well enough to be an interpreter.
2. Clause of result:
S + verb + so that / in order that + S + verb
He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.
She is sending the package early so that it will arrive in time for her sister’s birthday.
Damien is practicing the guitar so that he can play for the dance.
I am learning German so that I will be able to speak it when I go to Austria next summer.
Susan drove to Miami instead of flying so that she could save money.
Will you let me know about the party so that I can make plans to attend? 
3. Cause and effect: 
Subject + verb + so + adj/ adv + that + S + verb
The soprano sang so well that she received a standing ovation.
Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
Judy worked so diligently that she received an increase in salary.
The soup tastes so good that every one will ask for more.
The little boy looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for him.
The students had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
4. khác
S + verb + so + few/ many + pl N + that + S + verb
Eg. 	The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficult to select one.
S + verb + so + much/ little + N+ that + S + verb
He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
S + verb + such + a + adjective + pl N + that ...
S + verb + so + adjective + a + N + that ...
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors/ It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down/ It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
S + verb + such + adjective + N đếm được số nhiều/ N không đđ+ that + S+ verb
Eg.	She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
 	 danh từ số nhiều
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
 	 danh từ số nhiều
Perry has had such bad luck that he’s decided not to gamble.
 	 danh từ không đếm được
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
 	 danh từ không đếm được 
4. Khác
Eg. 	It has been such a long time since I’ve seen him that I’m not sure if I will remember him
He has so heavy a work load that it is difficult for him to travel.
Peter has such long fingers that he should play the piano.
Professor Sands gives such interesting lectures that his classes are never boring.
This is such tasty ice cream that I’ll have another helping
Exercise 14/30
Gerald never had enough to live on until he married that rich businesswoman. (short) 
àGerald was (always) short of money until/before he married that rich businesswoman
William decided that an actor’s life was not for him. (cut) 
àWilliam (decided that he) was not cut out to be an actor
The President arranged for me to use his chauffeur-driven car whenever I liked. (disposal) 
àThe president put/placed his chauffeur-driven car at my disposal
My cat has lost its appetite. (off) = My cat has gone/is off its food
The children made every effort to please their father (best) 
àThe children did/tried their best to please their father
His behavior was rather a shock to me (aback) 
àHis behavior took me aback/ I was taken aback by his behavior
They decided not to go by boat because they thought they would be seasick. (fear) 
àFor fear of being/getting seasick they decided not to go by boat.
The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car. (getaway) 
àThe bank robbers made/effected their getaway in a stolen car.
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Buổi 20 - Bài 10. RELATIVE CLAUSES – MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
1. Relative pronouns:
Subject 
Object 
Possessive 
For persons 
who 
whom/who 
whose 
that 
that 
For things 
which 
which 
whose/of which 
that 
that 
a. WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. 
Eg. 	The man who told you I was out met me in the park. 
The person who you wanted to see died days ago.
 	This is the lady who helped my mom. 
That’s the one who we need to contact.
b. WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg. 	That’s the one whom we need to contact. 
The person whom you wanted to see died days ago.
The one to whom he wanted to talk was out. 
Mr. Ba, from whom we got news, was escaped yesterday.
c. WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu, kết hợp với một danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg. This is the lady whose son cheated me. 
 The country whose people were struggling against floods announced the situation of disasters yesterday.
d. WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.
Eg. 	The book which you liked was sold. This is the bike which is my birthday present. 
The house, which was on fire, was built long ago
e. THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để