Chuyên đề: Passive voice (thể bị động)

ừ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Active: Chủ động
S + V + O
S + be* + P.P + by + O
(* be chia theo thì của V)
Passive: Bị động
Ex: They are painting the house.
 → The house is being painted. 
 They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived.
 → All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived.
II. Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:
TENSES
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Simple Present
S + V1-s/es
S + am / is / are + PP
Present continuous
S + am / is / are + V-ing 
S + am / is / are + being + PP
Simple Past
S + V-ed /V2
S + was / were + PP
Past continuous
S + was / were + V-ing
S + was / were + being + PP
Present Perfect
S + have / has + PP
S + have / has + been + PP
Past Perfect
S + had + PP
S + had + been + PP
Simple Future
S + will + V1
S + will + be + PP
Modal verbs
 can
 may
 must
S + have to + V1
 should
 used to
 be going to
 can
 may
 must
S + have to + be + V3
 should
 used to
 be going to
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
 That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
 A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.
 I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
 Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
 That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
 A party had been prepared before we came.
8. Sue is going to write the book
 The book is going to be written by Sue
9. You must finish this report
 This report must be finished 
NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me.
 Q I was punished by the teacher. 
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anybodykhi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year.
Q This bridge was built last year (by them) 
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
I was bought a new shirt by my mother.
A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story.
Q His story isn’t believed.
5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
­Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.
Ex: I do my homework carefully.
Q My homework is carefully done.
­Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O 
Ex: I lent him money yesterday.
Q He was lent money yesterday.
­ Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.
Q the gift was bought from that shop by Mary.
III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:
1. Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, understand
KINDS
FORMS
Active
S1 + VS1 + that + S2 + VS2 
Passive
It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + VS2 
S2 + be V3/ ed + to V(S2)
 to have V3/ ed 
Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.
 It is said that he is a famous doctor.
 He is said to be a famous doctor.
 People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
 	It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
 	He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.
2. Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get 
VERBS
KINDS
FORMS
Have
Active
S + have + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
Passive
S + have + O (thing) + V3/ed
Get
Active
S + get + O (person) + to V + O (thing)
Passive
S + get + O (thing) + V3/ed
Ex:
1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
 I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.
3. Verbs of perception (Động từ chỉ giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell
Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing
Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing.
 Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away
 Q The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away
4. Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive 
Active: S + make + O + bare - infinitive 
Passive: S + be + made + to - infinitive.
 Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework.
 Q Students are made to do a lot of homework.
Active: S + let + O + bare infinitive 
Passive: S + be + allowed + to - infinitive.
 Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
 Q Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
5. Với động từ: want/ need + to + V Q want/need + V-ing/to be + V-ed/V3
Ex: He needs you to believe his ability.
 Q He needs to be believed his ability.
Ex: They need to repaint the house .
 Q The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted
6. Remember/ hate/ keep+ someone + V-ing.
Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day.
Q I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother.
7. Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh)
Active: Verb + object + adjunct 
Passive: Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.
Ex1: Keep your hand clean
 Q Let your hand be kept clean.
Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her.
 Q Don’t let the secret be talked to her.
8. It is your duty to do something Q You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là.)
Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors.
Q You are supposed to lock all the doors.
EXERCISES
I. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1. They grow rice in tropical countries.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Green loves his children very much.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
3. People don’t speak French here.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
4. Someone broke his windows last night.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
5. The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
6. About thirty million people are watching this live show now.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
7. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
8. Jack has typed the article recently.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
9. The police haven’t found the murderer yet.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
10. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
11. They had wrapped the package carefully before they posted it.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
12. Children should treat old men with respect.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
13. The computer can do all the accounts. 
→ ______________________________________________________________________
14. They are going to build a new school.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
15. He isn’t going to buy that house.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
16. They will pull down that building
→ _______________________________________________________________________
17. The teacher won’t correct the exercises tomorrow.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
18. You have to keep dangerous chemicals in the safe place.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
19. Police had to break the meeting up. 
→ _______________________________________________________________________
20. They may use that room for the classroom.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
21. You must wash your hands.	
→ _______________________________________________________________________
22. They ought to knock down the old building.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
23. You needn’t type that report today.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
24. Nobody has used this room for ages.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
25. No one can solve that problem.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
26. No one told us the news.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
27. Paul didn’t tell me the ending of the story. 
→ ________________________________________________________________________
28. The teacher will give her a prize if she works well.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
29. Her mother bought her a doll last week.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
30. The police found the robber in the forest yesterday.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
31. They made him work all day.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
32. People don’t make the children work hard.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
33. They let him meet her family last month.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
34. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
35. People saw him steal your car.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
36. I have heard her sing this song several times.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
37. The teacher is watching them work.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
38. Alice had a mechanic repair her car.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
39. Ellen got Marvin to type her paper.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
40. The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now.
→ Mary is having her hair ___________________________________________________
→ Mary is having the hairdresser ______________________________________________
41. People know that English is an international language.
→ It is known _____________________________________________________________
→ English is known ________________________________________________________
42. They said that she won the competition.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
43. They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
44. They need to clean the windows
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
45. I would like to give Mary a nice present.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
46. Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
47. It is your duty to lock all the doors.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
48. He suggested selling the radio
→ _______________________________________________________________________
49. Open your book, please!
→ _______________________________________________________________________
50. They advised enlarging the garden
→ _______________________________________________________________________
II. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. These T-shirts and jeans __________ in the US. in 1900.
A. have made	B. made	C. were made	D. make
2. The building is very dangerous. It __________ down next week.
A. knocked	B. will knock	C. will be knocked	D. was knocked
3. The room looks nice. It __________
A. was cleaning	B. has just been cleaned	C. will be cleaned	D. is cleaning
4. We  each other for 10 years. 
A. know	B. knew 	C. have known D. had known
5. Our twenty houses __________ when the fire engine __________
A. had burnt up / arrived	B. burnt up / had arrived
 C. had been burnt up / arrived	D. will have burnt / arrives
6. After I __________ the grass, it __________ to rain.
A. have watered / will begin	B. water / began
	C. had watered / began	D. had watered / will have begun
7. Next week when there __________ a full moon, the ocean tides will be higher.
A. is being	B. is	C. will be	D. will have been
8. English is __________ all over the world.	
 A. spoken	 B. speak	 	C. speaks	 D. to speak
9. Where will these coconut trees __________? 
A. be planted	B. planted	C. plant 	D. be planting
10. Before Jane won the lottery, she __________ any kind of contest.
A. hasn’t entered	B. doesn’t enter	C. wasn’t entering	D. hadn’t entered
11. My parents __________ tomorrow to stay with me for a few days.
A. come	B. will have come	C. are coming	D. came
12. She left home in 1993 and __________ since then.
	A. hasn’t seen	B. didn’t see	C. hasn’t been seen	D. wasn’t seen
13.__________ your house painted last year?
A. Had	B. Did	C. Was	D. Have
14. What __________ you __________ at 8 o’clock last night?
 A. did/ do	B. have/ done	C. were/ doing	D. had/ done
15. - “We are having a party at the weekend.” -“Great! Who _________?”
	A. will being invited	B. Is going to invite	 
C. is going to be invited	 	D. will invite
16. This is the fifth time you __________ the same question.
	A. ask	B. asked	C. are asking	D. have asked
17. This church was said __________ in the 19th century.
A. to build	B. to be built	C. to have been built	 D. being built
18. In England, the academic year __________ into three terms. Each term __________ by a one-week break.
A. is divided / separated	B. divided / is separated
C. is divided / is separated	D. divided / separated
19. Gold __________ in California in the 19th century.
A. was discovered	B. was discover	
C. has been discovered	D. they discovered
20. I am going to have my car __________
A. service	B. to be serviced	C. serviced	D. servicing
21. Two tablets __________ twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly.
A. must take 	B. must be taken 	 	C. must have taken D. must be taking
22. The next meeting __________ in May.
A. will hold 	B. will be held 	C. will be holding 	D. will have held
23. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
	A. done	B. to do	C. did	D. do 
24. We got our mail _______ yesterday. 
	A. been delivered	B. delivered	C. delivering	D. to deliver 
25. James_______ the news as soon as possible.
	A. should tell	B. should be told	C. should told	D. should be telled
26. My wedding ring _______ yellow and white gold.
	A. is made	B. is making	C. made	D. make
27. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
	A. known	B. knew	C. is known	D. know
28. References _______ in the examination room.
	A. not are used	B. is not used	C. didn’t used	D. are not used 
29. Laura _______ in Boston.
	A. are born	B. were born	C. was born	D. born
30. His car needs ________. 
	A. be fixed	B. fixing	C. to be fixing	D. fixed
31. Her watch needs _______.
	A. repairing	B. to be repaired	C. repaired	D. A and B
32. My mother is going _____ this house.
	A. sold	B. sell	C. to be sold	D. to sell
33. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.
	A. being followed	B. are followed	C. follow	D. following
34. Have you _______ by a dog?
	A. bite	B. bit	C. ever been bitten	D. ever been bit
35. The room is being _______ at the moment.
	A. was cleaned	B. cleaned	C. cleaning	D. clean
36. It _______ that the strike will end soon.
	A. is expected	B. expected	C. are expected	D. was expected
37. It is _______ that many people are homeless after the floods.
	A. was reported	B. reports	C. reported	D. reporting
38. He was said _______ this building.
	A. designing	B. to have designed	C. to design	D. designed
39. Ted _______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. 
	A. got sting	B. got stung	C. get stung	D. gets stung
40. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.
	A. got used	B. used	C. get used	D. get use
41. I’ll get Minh _______ this for you.
	A. do	B. done	C. did	D. to do 
42. Those letters _______ now. You can do the typing later.
	A. need typing	B. needn't be typed	C. need to type	D. needn't typing
43. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_______ especially for me by a French tailor.”
	A. is made	B. has made	C. made 	D. was made
44. Somebody cleans the room every day.
	A. The room everyday is cleaned. B. The room is every day cleaned.
	C. The room is cleaned every day. D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
45. People don’t use this road very often.
	A. This road is not used very often.	B. Not very often this road is not used.
	C. This road very often is not used.	D. This road not very often is used.
46. How do people learn languages?
	A. How are languages learned?	B. How are languages learned by people?
	C. How languages are learned?	D. Languages are learned how?
47. Tom bought that book yesterday.
	A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.	B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
	C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom	D. That book was bought yesterday.
48. The new computer system _______ next month.	
	A. is be installed	B. is being installed by people	C. is been installed	D. is being installed
49. Traffic rules____________ strictly. 
 A. followed 	 B. must followed	 C. must be followed D. must follow
50. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.
	A. were built/were built	B. are built/were built	
	C. are building/were built	D. were built/were built
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction. 
1. The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning.
 A B C D
2. Two people got hurt in the accident and were took to the hospital by an ambulance.
 A B C D
3. The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave. 
 A B C D
4. That alloy is composing by iron and tin.
 A B C D
5. The winner of the race hasn’t been announcing yet.
 A B C D
6. Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world.
 A B C D
7. When, where and by whom has the automobile invented?
 A B C D
8. Each assembly kit is accompany by detailed instruction.
 A B C D
9. Arthur was giving an award by the city for all of his efforts in crime prevention.
 A B C D
10. It was late and I was getting very worry about my son.
 A B C D
11. I discovered that many strange things were happened last night.
 A B C D
12. He was seen go to the beach with some other people.
 A B C D
13. He is believed to work for the CIA in the 1970s.
 A B C D
14. We are not let to cycle in the park, are we?
 A B C D
15. You should get your car to service every two years.
 A B C D
16. Only coffee and dessert been served at the reception yesterday.
 A B C D
17. When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk.
 A B C D
18. Because we have a writing agreement, our landlord won’t be able 
 A B 
to raise our rent for two years.
 C D
19. The heel of my shoe broke off, and then my dress got tore in the elevator door.
 A B C D
20. When I crossed the road I saw two men whose car was br