Tài liệu Lý thuyết và bài tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Phần: Câu điều kiện - Vũ Văn Dương

ô ấy, tôi sẽ gửi lời mời tới cô ấy) => Đổi vị trí 2 mệnh đề quan hệ:  I will send her an invitation if I find her address.)
If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari. (Nếu John có nhiều tiền, anh ấy sẽ mua chiếc Ferrari)
Các ví dụ khác cho câu điều kiện loại 1:
If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decorate the house.
If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peel the mushrooms.
Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim move the furniture.
If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet.
Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.
II. Câu điều kiện loại 2:
1. Khái niệm:
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
2. Công thức: 
If clause
Main clause
If + S + V-ed /V2...
To be: were / weren't
S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn't / couldn't + V1)
Ví dụ:– Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở thì điều kiện hiện tại (simple conditional). Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì quá khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi.
If I had a million USD, I would buy a Ferrari. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.) ⇐ hiện tại tôi không có
If he had more time, he would learn karate. (  Nếu anh có nhiều thời gian, anh sẽ học karate.) ⇐ thời gian không có nhiều
She would spend a year in the USA if it were easier to get a green card. Cô ấy sẽ dành một năm ở Mỹ nếu dễ dàng có được thẻ xanh). ⇐ thực tế để lấy được thẻ xanh của Mỹ rất khó
If I lived on a lonely island, I would run around naked all day. (Nếu tôi sống trên một hòn đảo cô đơn, tôi sẽ khỏa thân chạy quanh cả ngày.) ⇐ thực tế bạn không có hòn đảo nào!
III. Câu điều kiện loại 3
1. Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3:
Câu điều kiện loại 3 là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.
Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.
2. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3
If clause
Main clause
lf +S + had + P.P
S + would / could / should + have + P.P
Ví dụ:– Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ phân từ, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional).
If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals. (Nếu tiền đạo chạy nhanh hơn, họ sẽ ghi được nhiều bàn thắng hơn.)
If it had been a home game, our team would have won the match. (Nếu đó là trận đấu sân nhà, đội của chúng tôi sẽ thắng.)
If you had spoken English, she would have understood. (Nếu bạn nói tiếng Anh thì cô ấy đã hiểu)
If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier. ( nếu họ đã nghe lời tôi, chúng ta đã về nhà sớm hơn)
I would have written you a postcard if I had had your address. (Tôi đã viết cho bạn một tấm bưu thiếp nếu tôi có địa chỉ của bạn)
If I had not broken my leg, I would have taken part in the contest. (Nếu tôi không bị gãy chân, tôi sẽ tham gia cuộc thi.)
Bài tập
BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 
I. Điền thông tin thực của nhiều kiểu người khác nhau vào trong câu với “if + Present Simple + Present Simple”. Hãy dùng “you” làm chủ từ của cả hai vế câu. 
1.Vegetarians don't eat meat.
If you're a vegetarian, _____________________________ 
2. People who live in a cold country don't like hot weather.
If you live ______________________________________ 
3. Teachers have to work very hard.
If you're a teacher, _______________________________ 
4. People who do a lot of exercise stay fit and healthy.
If you _________________________________________
5. Mechanics understand engines.
If you're a ______________________________________ 
6. People who read newspapers know what's happening in the world.
If you __________________________________________
II. Hoàn thành những câu sau với “if + Present Simple + will/won't”, sử dụng những từ trong ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi những từ trong ngoặc đơn. 
If it rains (it/rain), we won’t go (we/not/go) fishing.
1. If__________(the weather/be) beautiful tomorrow, ____________(we/drive) tothe beach.
2. If ___________ (she/send) the letter now, ____________ (they/receive) ittomorrow.
3. ____________ (Fred/be) angry if ___________ (Jack/arrive) late again.
4. ______________ (I/come) to your house if ________(I/have) enough time.
5. If ____________ (she/not/pass) this exam, ____________ (she/not/get) the job that she wants.
6. _______________ (you/learn) a lot if _____________ (you/take) this course.
7. If ____________ (I/get) a ticket, ________________(I/go) to the cinema.
8. ____________ (I/buy) that machine if _______________(it/not/cost) too much.
9. ____________ (you/run) very fast, ______________ (you/catch) the taxi.
10. __________(I/go) to the doctor's if ____________ (I/not/feel) better tomorrow.
11.______________ (they/win) this match, ___________ (they/be) the champions.
III. Hoàn thành những đoạn đối thoại sau với thì hiện tại đơn hoặc dạng “will/won't” của những từ trong ngoặc đơn ( ). Đôi khi bạn không cần thay đổi từ trong ngoặc đơn. 
A: We must be at the theatre at 7 o'clock.
-----> B: Well, if we take (we/take) a bus at six o'clock, we won't be (we/not/be) late.
1. A: I'd like a magazine.
B: Well, _________ (I/buy) one for you if _________(I/go) to the shop later.
2. A: Has Jack phoned yet?
B: No, and if ________ (he/not/phone) this afternoon, _________ (I/phone) him this evening.
3. A: Is Mary there, please?
B: No, but if ________ (you/want) to leave a message,_________ (I/give) it to her.
4. A: Is Tom going to pass his exam?
B: Well, ________ (he/fail) if ________ (he/not/study) harder.
5. A: Could I have some information about this year's concerts, please?
B: Yes, if _________ (you/fill in) this form, _________(I/send) it to you in the post
IV. Hoàn thành các câu sau đây theo điều kiện loại 1 của những từ trong ( ). 
1) If we __________ (to send) an invitation, our friends __________ (to come) to our party.
2) He __________ (not/to understand) you if you __________ (to whisper).
3) They __________ (not/to survive) in the desert if they __________ (not/to take) extra water with them.
4) If you __________ (to press) CTRL + s, you __________ (to save) the file.
5) You __________ (to cross) the Channel if you __________ (to fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred __________ (to answer) the phone if his wife __________ (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire __________ (to wear) this dress at the party, our guests __________ (not/to stay) any longer.
8) If I __________ (to touch) this snake, my girlfriend __________ (not/to scream).
9) She __________ (to forget) to pick you up if you __________ (not/to phone) her.
10) I __________ (to remember) you if you __________ (to give) me a photo.
I. Choose the best answer:
1) If the weather ..... good tomorrow, we ... swimming.
A. is – go B. is – will go C. will be - go D. will be – will go	
2) If Tom were late again, he . his job.
A. loses 	 B. lose	 C. will lose D. would lose
3). If I had known that you were in hospital, I you.
 A. will visit B. visit	 C. would have visited D. would visit
4) You‘ll .. yourself a lot of time if you take the car.
A. spend B. make C. save	 D. spare
5) If he comes here, I ... it.
A. make him do B. make him will do C. will make him do D. will make him will do
6) If I ..... you, I wouldn’t buy that coat.
A. am 	B. was	 C. were	 D. would be
7) Tam . more if he  more time.
A. will read - had	 B. would read - has C. read – had	 D. would read - had
8) If I didn’t want to go to the party, I ... go.
A. don’t	B. didn’t	 C. won’t	 D. wouldn’t
9). If she understands the lesson, she .it
 A. will do	B. do 	 C. won’t do 	 D. would do
10. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole	B. have stolen	C. were to steal	D. steal
11. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed	B. could climb	C. is climbing	D. climb
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells	B. told	 C. had told	D. would tell
13. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were	B. had been	 C. have been	 D. would be
14. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking.
 A. will be	B. would be	 C. would have been D. can be
15. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.
A. am	B. have been	C. were	D. had been
16. A doctor _________ if somebody falls ill.
A. will be cold for 	 B. will be called for C. will call for D. would be call for
17. I wish I ____ him, but I don’t
 A. like	B. can like	C. liked	D. would like
18. She feels lonely because she doesn’t know many people there. She wishes she ____ more people
A. will know	B. knew	C. knows	D. has known
19. “I’m not staying any longer.” “I wish you ____.”
A. can 	B. will	C. are	D. were
20. “I’m sorry you failed the test.” “Frankly, I wish I ____ harder.”
A. could study	B. had studied	C. have studied	D. would have studied
II. Put the verbs in the brackets in to corect tense:
1). If he does his homework, he (not worry).. about it
2) If today (be). Sunday, the pupils can go swimming
3) I (take).......................... a walk if the weather were nice.
4) We would buy a house if we (have).................... enough money.
5) If I (be not) .................. tired, I would go to the movie with you.
6) If I (not have) ....................... class today, I would go shopping.
7. Bring him another if he (not/like)_____________ this one.
8. She (be)________ angry if she (hear)___________ this tomorrow.
9. Unless you are more careful, you (have)___________ an accident.
10. If you (like)_________, I (get)____________ you a job in this company.
11. If grandmother (be)___________ 5 years younger, she (play)__________ some games.
12. If he sun (stop)________shinning, there (be)___________ no light on earth.
13. If I (be)___________ a millionaire, I (live)___________ on Mars.
14. I wish I (be) ------------------------- an astronaut in the future.
15. I can’t swim. I wish I (can) --------------------- swim.
16. I wish I (meet) ---------------------- her yesterday.
17. She wishes she (be) ---------------------- there last year.
18. I wish you (not give) ----------------------- them my phone number yesterday.
19. Tom wishes someone (give) ---------------------------- him a job next month.
20. If they (invite)_______ yesterday, I (be)_______ is a good day tomorrow.
21. We (go)_______ swimming if it (be)_______ a good day tomorrow.
22. If the weather (be)_______ nice last day, I (go)_______ for a walk.
23. My dog always barks if he (hear)_______ anything unusual.
24. If he (not/ do)_______ come soon, I'm not going to wait.
25. If the phone (ring)_______, can you answer it? 
III. Rewrite the following sentences with the same meaning:
1. I don’t have enough money. I can’t go on a long holiday this year.
® If ______________________________________________________
2. He is very slow, so we won’t wait for him.
® If ___________________________________________________________
3. You’ll ask the teacher. He’ll explain the lesson to you.
® If ___________________________________________________________
4. I don’t know his address. I can’t give it to you.
® If _________________________________________________________
5. She was ill. She didn’t go to work.
® If _____________________________________________________________
6. Unless she studies hard, he will fail the exam.
® If ____________________________________________________________
7. Go away or I will call the police.
 ® If ____________________________________________________________
8. You didn’t ask Alice. She didn’t tell you the truth.
® If ______________________________________________________________
9. If you don’t finish your exercises, you can’t go to bed. 
® Unless_________________________________________________________
10. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
–> If I.
11. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
–> But for
12. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
–> If I 
13. I only come if they invite me.
–> Unless.
14. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
–> If he 
15. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
–> If you walk.
16. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home
–> If it..
17. He works hard and he will pass his exam.
=> If..
18. He didn’t pass the exam because he didn’t work hard.
=> If...................................................................................
19. She didn’t hurry so she missed the train.
=> If..................................................................................
20. They didn’y follow the map, so they got lost.
=> If they...........................................................................
21I haven’t enough money to buy that book. 
 => I wish --------------------------------------------------------
22. I’m sorry I didn’t help you yesterday. 
=> I wish -------------------------------------------------------------
23It’s a pity that you were not here last week. 
=> We wish ---------------------------------------------------
24.You drive too fast. I’d like you to drive more slowly
=>I wish --------------------------------------------
IV. Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences:
1. Should anyone rang, could you take a message?
2. Were the customers not complained, nothing would have been done.
3. Was I a bird, I would fly.
4. Unless you don’t have a good command of English, you won't be able to work for this company.
5. Were they live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
6. If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth.
 A B C D
7. If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis.
 A B C D
8. If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball.
 A B C D
9. If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.
 A B C D
10. If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house.
 A B C D
11. If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
 A B C D
12.What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery?
 A B C D
Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. If I see him, I _____ (give ) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I _____ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.
5. If I _____ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you _____ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. If he worked more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.
8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _____ (be) you.
9. If I _____ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A lot of people _____ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
11. I (have) .. plenty of money now if I (not/spend)  so much yesterday.
12. If someone (give) .you a boat, what you (do)  ?
13. If you...........(press) CTRL + S, you...........(save) the file.
14. The children...........(be) happy if he...........(teach) them English.
15. If she...........(buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/ lose) all data.
 Bài 3: Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.
A. hadn't                B. hadn't been                  C. wouldn't be            D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been                  B. would have been
C. wouldn’t be                              D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked                                  B. would ask
C. had been asked                          D. asked
4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done                        B. she had done
C. she does                              D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole            B. have stolen               C. were to steal                   D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been/ hadn't lied                           B. would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't lie                                                D. would be/ hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest                   B. invested                    C. had invested                    D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t advise                  B. won't advise
C. hadn't advised                   D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed                       B. climb
C. is climbing                                    D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed             B. could climb            C. is climbing                D. climb
11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known/ could have phoned                       B. knew/ would have phoned
C. know/ can phone                                             D. knew/ could phone
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells                      B. told                  C. had told                   D. would tell
13. If you press that button what _____?
A. would happen                      B. would have happened
C. will happen                           D. happen
14. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.
A. had realized/ would stop                            B. realized/ could have stopped
C. has realized/ stopped                                 D. had realized/ would have stopped
15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop              B. had stopped                 C. will stop                D. stopped
16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/ would inform
C. had discovered/ would have informed
D. had discovered/ could inform
C. discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave                                                       B. go/ give
C. had gone/ would have given                        D. went/ would give
18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.
A. was/ answered                                             B. were/ would answer
C. were/ would have answered                        D.had been/ would have answered
19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were                B. had been                 C. have been                    D. would be
20. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic.
A. do not receive/ could not sail
B. had not received/ might not have sailed
C. did not receive/ might not have sailed
D. would not receive/ might not sail
EXERCISE I : Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.
1/ I (do) if I (have) time.
- I will do it if I have time. (type 1)
- I would do it if I had time. (type 2)
- I would have done it if I had had time. (type 3)
	2/ If she (not try), she (not succeed).
- ____________________________________________________
- ____________________________________________________
- ____________________________________________________
3/ If I (see) her, I (tell) her.
- ____________________________________________________
- ____________________________________________________
- ____________________________________________________
4/ (You do) it if I (ask) you ?
- ________________