Ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng Anh 8 - Chuyên đề câu trực tiếp gián tiếp (Reported speech) - Tạ Đức Chí

CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
REPORTED SPEECH
I. Lý thuyết chung
1. Khi chuyển một câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần thay đổi những thành phần cơ bản sau:
a. Thì của động từ:
Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (Note: nếu động từ dẫn ở câu gián tiếp là thì hiện tại thì thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không thay đổi so với câu trực tiếp)
Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp
Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp
Hiện tại đơn
( S + Vs/es )
Quá khứ đơn
S + Vqk
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
( S + is/am/are + V_ing )
Quá khứ tiếp diễn
( S + was/were + V_ing )
Hiện tại hoàn thành
( S + has/ have + PII )
Quá khứ hoàn thành
( S + had + PII )
Quá khứ đơn
S + Vqk
Quá khứ hoàn thành
( S + had + PII )
Is/am/are going to do
Was/were going to do
Can/may/must do
Could/might/had to do
Must 
Had to
Will
Would
b. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn (Nếu có)
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
Trực tiếp
Gián tiếp
This
That
Tomorrow 
The next day / the following day
These 
Those
Yesterday 
The day before / the previous day
Here 
There
Last + danh từ thời gian
Ex: Last week
The previous +danh từ thời gian/ the + danh từ thời gian + before
→ The previous week/ the week before
Now 
Then
Next + danh từ thời gian
Ex: Next week 
The following/ The next + danh từ thời gian
→The following/ the next week
Today
That day
Ago
Before
c. Thay đổi các đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu..... (Nếu có)
Đại từ nhân xưng (Chủ ngữ)
Tân ngữ 
Tính từ sở hữu
Đại từ sở hữu
I –> he/she
We –> they
You –> I/ we, he, she 
me -> him/ her 
us -> them 
you -> me/ him/ her
my ->his/ her 
our -> their 
your -> my
mine ->his/ her 
ours -> theirs 
yours -> mine
2. Chuyển câu từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp có thể chia thành 3 nhóm cơ bản như sau:
a. Câu trần thuật:
b. Câu hỏi:
* Yes/ No questions:
=> Gián tiếp: S + asked/ wanted to know... + if/ whether + S+ V (lùi 1 thì so với câu trực tiếp)
* Wh- questions:
=> Gián tiếp: S + asked/ wanted to know... + Wh- word + S+ V (lùi 1 thì so với câu trực tiếp)
c. Một số cấu trúc đi với to V/ Ving:
* Một số cấu trúc đi với to V: 
Câu trực tiếp
Câu gián tiếp
Câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị
S + asked/ told/ ordered (sbd) + (not) to V
Câu mời (Would you like......?)
S + invited/ offered (sbd) + to V
Lời khuyên (should/ had better/ If I were you.../ Why don’t you)
S + advised (sbd) + (not) to V
Lời hứa
S + promised + (not) to V
...................
* Một số cấu trúc đi với Ving: 
Congartulated...........on
Apologised for
Accused ........of
Dreamed of
Thanked.....for
Insisted on + V_ing
Looked forward to
Admitted
Suggested
Think of
Denied
Prevented........from 
Stop ...........from
Warn .......against
II. Hướng dẫn học sinh cách làm bài tập trắc nghiệm
1. Nhận biết đáp án sai và loại trực tiếp: 
a. Dựa vào thì của động từ: 
- nếu nhận biết được đó là 1 câu gián tiếp mà có đáp án liên quan tới thì hiện tại (hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tai hoàn thành) hoặc tương lai (tương lai đơn, tương lai gần) thì sẽ loại trực tiếp đáp án đó.
- nếu đó là 1 câu hỏi thì có thể loại trực tiếp những đáp án có trợ động từ đảo lên trước chủ ngữ.
Ex: I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
A. I asked Nick where was he going. B. I asked Nick where he was going.
C. I asked Nick where is he going. D. I asked Nick where he is going.
Phân tích: đây là câu hỏi chuyển sang gián tiếp nên có thể loại trực tiếp đáp án A, C, D do đã đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ (A, C) và sử dụng thì động từ không phù hợp (D).
b. Dựa vào trạng từ: nếu có những đáp án không phù hợp về trạng từ thì cũng loại trực tiếp (trong câu gián tiếp không thể có các trạng từ như: today, yesterday, tomorrow, here, now, last........)
Ex: “I wrote to him yesterday”
a. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.
b. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
c. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
d. She told me she had written to him the day before.
Phân tích: câu này có thể loại trực tiếp đáp án b, c do sử dụng trạng từ yesterday trong câu gián tiếp là không phù hợp.
c. Dựa vào 1 số cấu trúc cố định: 1 số cấu trúc đi với to V/ Ving
Ex: Jamei: “ Don’t eat so much junk food !”
a. Jamei reminded me not to eat so much junk food	b. Jamei asked me to not eat so much junk food
c. Jamei reminded me not to ate so much junk food	 d. Jamei says me not to eat so much junk food
Phân tích: câu này có thể loại trực tiếp đáp án b, c do không đúng cấu trúc (reminded/ asked sbd not to V).
2. Với những đáp án có thể đúng còn lại, học sinh tiếp tục xem xét và loại trừ dần để chọn ra đáp án đúng nhất.
III. Một số bài tập áp dụng
I. Change these sentences into reported speech.
1. Mary said : “My father died a year ago”.
2. “Must you go now?”, said Mr. Brown.
3. John said : “I have finished studying my lesson”. 
4. He asked me : “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” 
5. “Remember to buy some sugar”, my mother said. 
My mother asked.....................................................................
6. He said : “If I were you, I would tell her about that”
He advised........................................................................
7. “Don’t take more than two of these at once”, said the doctor.
The doctor asked..............................................................................
8. The traveler asked : “How long does it take you to get to London?”
9. “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary.
 “Would you like to have dinner with us tonight,” Mike said. –
 Mike invited...........................................................................................
“ Why don’t you organize an English competition for our students?” said Ms Lien.
 Ms Lien suggested....................................................................................
“ You won the scholarship. Congratulations!” Mary told me.
 Mary congratulated ...................................................................................
“ You were cheating” said David to Henry.
 David accused ............................................................................................
“ It was kind of you to help me with my homework” Lan said to Hoa.
 Lan thanked ...............................................................................................
“ I’m sorry I’m late, said Mr Thanh. 
 Mr Thanh apologized...................................................................................
Key:
1. Mary said that her mother had died a year before.
2. Mr Brown asked whether/ If I had to go then.
3. John said he had finished studying his lesson.
4. He asked me why I hadn’t come to class the previous day/ the day before.
5. My mother asked me to buy some sugar.
6. He advised me to tell her about that.
7. The doctor asked not to take more than two of them at once.
8. The traveler asked how long it took me to get to London.
9. Tom asked Mary whether/ if she had phoned him the day before/ the previous day.
10. Mike invited me to have dinner with them that night.
11. Ms Lien suggested organising an English competition for their students.
12. Mary congratulated me on winning the scholarship.
13. David accused Henry of cheating.
14. Lan thanked Hoa for helping her with her homework.
15. Mr Thanh apologized for being late.
II. Choose the best choice.
1. He said he..at the “Ritz” Hotel. 
 A.is staying 
B. has stayed 
C. was staying 
D. will stay 
2. He asked me where I.
A. have studied
B. study
C. am studying
D. studied
3. Tina asked me how long I..a teacher.
A. have been
B. had been
C. am
D. will be
4. She asked me.I liked pop music.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. A&B
5. The students asked if I was going to teach them physics
A. the next day
B. next day
C. day next
D. the day next
 6. John asked me _______ in English.
	A. what does this word mean 	B. what that word means
	C. what did this word mean 	D. what that word meant
 7. She said I _______ an angel.
	A. am 	B. was 	C. were 	D. have been
 8. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
	A. yesterday 	B. two days ago 	C. the day before 	D. the next day
 9. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports.
	A. if I were 	B. if were I 	C. if was I 	D. if I was
 10. John asked me _______ that film the night before.
	A. that I saw 	B. had I seen 	C. if I had seen 	D. if had I seen
 11. “Go home,” said the teacher to us.
 A. The teacher told us to go home	B. The teacher said us to go home
 C. The teacher told us go home	D. The teacher told to us to go home
 12. “Please bring me some fish soup,” he said to the waitress.
 A. He asked the waitress bring him some fish soup. 
 B. He asked the waitress to bring her some fish soup.
 C. He asked the waitress to bring him some fish soup. 
 D. He asked the waitress bring her some fish soup.
 13. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
 A. I asked Nick where was he going. B. I asked Nick where he was going.
 C. I asked Nick where is he going. D. I asked Nick where he is going.
 14. “You’d better apologise for being late,” said my mother.
 A. My mother advised me to apologise for being late. 	
 B. My mother suggested me to apologise for being late.
 C. My mother suggested apologising for being late. 	
 D. My mother warned me to apologise for being late.
 15 . “Don’t open your books,” the teacher said to the pupils.
 A. The teacher told the pupils to not open their books.	
 B. The teacher told the pupils did not open their books.
 C. The teacher told the pupils not open their books.	
 D. The teacher told the pupils not to open their books.
 16. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”
 A. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring.
 B. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring.
 C. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring.
 D. he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring.
 17. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.
 A. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.
 B. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready.
 C. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready.
 D. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready.
 18. “I wrote to him yesterday”
 A. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.
 B. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
 C. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
 D. She told me she had written to him the day before.
 19. “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me.
 A. She told me he was talking to your sister.
 B. She told me she was talking to my sister.
 C. She told me he was talking to my sister.
 D. She told me he was talking to her sister.
 20. Miss White said to him, “ Why are you so late? Did your car have a flat fire?”
 A. Miss White told him why was he so late and did your car have a flat fire
 B. Miss White asked him why was he so late and did your car have a flat fire.
 C. Miss White asked him why was he so late and if your car have a flat fire.
 D. Miss White asked him why he was so late and whether his car had a flat fire.
 21. . He said "If I had enough money, I could buy that dictionary."
	 A. He said if he had enough money, he could buy that dictionary
	 B. He said if he had had enough money, he could buy that dictionary.
	 C. He said if he had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary.
	 D. He said if he had had enough money, he could have bought that dictionary.
 22. Tom: “ Why don’t you study hard for the coming exam, Ba”
 A. Tom advised me not to study hard for the coming exam
 B. Tom advised me to study hard for the coming exam
 C. Tom advised Ba not to study hard for the coming exam
 D. Tom advised Ba to study hard for the coming exam.
23. He asked me what..
 A. time was it	B. time is it 
 C. time it was	D. none is correct.
24. She asked me..the seat..or not
a. If / had occupied 	b. Whether / was occupied 
c. If / has been occupied 	d. Whether / occupied
25. The policeman asked us..
a. had any of us seen the accident happen. 	b. If had any of us seen the accident happen
c. Whether any of us had seen the accident happen	d. that if any of us had seen the accident happen
26. I asked him..,but he said nothing
a. what the matter was	b. what was the matter	
c. the matter was what	d. what’s the matter was
27. James..him up when the bus reached the square
a. told me wake 	b. asked me to wake	c. said me to wake	 	d. requested me waking
28. I wonder.we’ll catch the buswe’ll take a taxi
a. if / and whether	 b. whether / or that	c. if / or that	d. whether / or whether
29. Excuse me. Could you tell me?
a. what time is it	 b. what is the time	c. what time it is	 	d. it is what time
30. We wonder.from his office after that scandal
a. why did he not resign 	b. why he did not resign	c. why he not resign 	d. why didn’t he resign
31. Jeff wanted to know..
a. that why were his friends laughing	b. why were his friends laughing
c. why his friends were laughing	d. the reason why his friends laughing
32. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the..day
a. previous 	b. following	 c. before 	d. last
33. Shehim whether he liked the steak she cooked
a. asks	 b. wondered	 c. wanted to know	 d. asked
34. His neighbours sometimes wondered.he did for a living
a. why 	b. when 	c. where 	d. what
35. Could you please tell me?
a. It is how far to the nearest bus stop	b. how far is it to the nearest bus stop
c. how far to the nearest bus stop is it	d. how far it is to the nearest bus stop
36. Marigold wondered..Kevin and Ruth would be at the party
a. that 	b. whether 	c. if 	d. b& c
37. He asked me.
a. How long you have studied English.	b. How long had you studied English
c. How long you had study English	d. How long you had studied English
38. The passenger asked.we landed
a. what 	b. when 	c. if	 	d. why
39. “I’ll tell you about this tomorrow, Mary.” said Tom.
a. Tom said to Mary that he will tell her about that the next day.
b. Tom told Mary that I would tell you about that the next day.
c. Tom told Mary that he would tell her about that the next day.
d. Tom told Mary that she would tell him about that the next day.
40. “I have something to tell you” Kerry said to Cheryl.
a. Kerry told Cheryl I had something to tell her.	 b. Kerry told Chery he had something to tell her.
c. Kerry told Cheryl she had had something to tell him. d. Kerry told Cheryl he had had something to tell her.
41. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”
a. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring.
b. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring.
c. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring.
d. he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring.
42. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.
a. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.
b. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready.
c. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready.
d. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready.
43. “I wrote to him yesterday”
a. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.
b. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
c. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
d. She told me she had written to him the day before.
44. “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me.
a. She told me he was talking to your sister.
b. She told me she was talking to my sister.
c. She told me he was talking to my sister.
d. She told me he was talking to her sister.
45. “It is the time to check what you have done”, the father said to the boys.
a. The father said to the boys it was time to check what they had done.
b. The father told the boys it was time to check what they had done.
c. The father told the boys it was time to check what they have done.
d. The father told the boys it is time to check what they had done.
46. “You will like my sister when you meet her”
a. He told me you will like her sister when you meet her.	 b. He told me I will like his sister when I met her.
c. He told me I would like his sister when I met her d. He told me I would be liked his sister when I met her.
47. “I didn’t meet Susan last week”
a. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.	b. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
c. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.	d. He said he hadn’t met Susan the week before.
48. “I didn’t break your watch”
a. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.	b. The boy asked the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.
c. The boy told the girl he didn’t break her watch.	d. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken your watch.
49. “I found a lot of mistakes in your plan”. Catherine said to Kevin.
a. Catherine told Kevin she found a lot of mistakes in his plan.
b. Catherine told Kevin she has found a lot of mistakes in his plan.
c. Catherine told Kevin she had found a lot of mistakes in his plan.
d. Catherine told Kevin she had found a lot of mistakes in her plan.
50. “I have just seen your mother this morning”.
a. Laura told Lewis I have just seen your mother this morning.
b. Laura told Lewis she had just seen his mother that morning.
c. Laura told Lewis she has just seen his mother that morning.
d. Laura told Lewis he had just seen her mother that morning.
51. “We are ready to come with our friends”
a. They told us they are ready to come with their friends.	
b. They told us they were ready to come with our friends.
c. They told us we were ready to come with our friends. 
d. They told us they were ready to come with their friends.
52. “I couldn’t get into the house because I had lost my key”
a. He said he couldn’t get into the house because he had lost my key.
b. He said he hadn’t been able to get into the house because he had lost his key.
c. He said he had been able to get into the house because he had lost his key.
d. He said he hadn’t been able to get into the house because he lost his key.
53. “I was intending to meet you tomorrow”.
a. She told me she was intending to meet me tomorrow.
b. She told me she had intending to meet me the next day.
c. She told me she had been intending to meet me tomorrow.
d. She told me she had been intending to meet me the next day.
54. “Don’t make noise because I am listening music now”
a. He asked me not to make noise because I am listening music now
b. He asked me not to make noise because I was listening music then
c. He asked me not to make noise because he was listening music then
d. He asked me to make noise because I was listening music then
55. Cindy said that “I haven’t seen John since last month.”
A. Cindy said she doesn’t see John since the previous month.
B. Cindy said she wasn’t seen John since the previous month.
C. Cindy said she hasn’t seen John since the previous month.
D. Cindy said she hadn’t seen John since the previous month
III. Error Identification
1. He said me if I had done my homework.
	A B C D
2. They wanted to know how much could you pay for it. 
 A B C D
3. You promised you will go on a picnic with us the next Sunday
 A B C D 
4. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them.
 A B C D
5. Ron said that he wasn’t sure, but the storm may stop already. 
 A B C D