Kiến thức cơ bản và bài tập Tiếng anh Lớp 8 Học kỳ 2 - Nguyễn Thị Thuận

Thông thường khi nói về sự việc trong quá khứ chúng ta hay dùng thì quá khứ đơn. Đây là cách dùng 
phổ biến nhất khi nói đến các sự việc trong quá khứ. 
• I lived there for 6 years. 
 Email: 26 
Tôi đã sống ở đó trong 6 năm. 
• I only found out a few moments ago. 
Tôi chỉ mới tìm ra cách đây vài phút. 
• I asked her but she didn't know anything. 
Tôi đã hỏi cô ấy nhưng cô ấy không biết gì cả. 
• The company made 100 people redundant last year. 
Năm ngoái công ty đó đã sa thải 100 nhân viên. 
Chúng ta chỉ sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn khi chúng ta muốn nhận mạnh diễn biến hay quá trình của 
sự việc. 
• Everybody was talking about it all evening. 
Mọi người đã nói về việc đó cả đêm. 
• They were really trying hard but couldn't do it. 
Họ đã thật sự cố gắng rất nhiều nhưng vẫn không thể thực hiện được điều đó. 
• I was thinking about you the other day. 
Mấy ngày gần đây tôi đã nghĩ về anh. 
• Were you expecting that to happen? 
Anh đã mong điều gì sẽ xảy ra? 
Khi chúng ta dùng cả hai thì này trong cùng một câu thì chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để chỉ 
hành động hay sự việc nền và thì quá khứ đơn để chỉ hành động hay sự việc xảy ra và kết thúc trong 
thời gian ngắn hơn. 
• It was raining hard when we left the building. 
Khi họ ra khỏi tòa nhà thì trời đang mưa rất to. 
• I was reading the report when you rang. 
Tôi đang xem báo cáo thì anh gọi. 
• He was going out to lunch when I saw him. 
Khi tôi gặp anh ấy thì anh ấy đang ra ngoài để ăn trưa. 
• The company was doing well when I last visited it. 
Lần cuối cùng tôi đến thăm công ty đó thì lúc đó nó đang làm ăn rất tốt. 
4. Bài tập vận dụng: 
Bài tập về thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn 
Bài tập 1: Chọn đúng thì của các câu sau: 
Chọn đúng thì của các câu sau 
1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi. 
2. What were you doing/ did you do when I phoned? 
3. They didn't visit/ weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday. 
4. It rained/ was raining heavily last July. 
 Email: 27 
5. While people were talking to each other, he read/ was reading his book. 
6. Chris was eating/ ate pizza every weekend last month. 
7. While we were running/ run in the park, Mary fell over. 
8. Did you find/ Were you finding your keys yesterday? 
9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night? 
10. They were watching/ watched football on TV all day. 
Bài tập 2: 
Tìm các lỗi sai trong các câu sau: 
1. I was play football when she called me. 
2. Wasyoustudy Math at 5 p.m. yesterday? 
3. What was she do while her mother was making lunch? 
4. Where did you went last Sunday? 
5. They weren't sleep during the meeting last Monday. 
6. He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning. 
7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did. 
8. Last week my friend and I go to the beach on the bus. 
9. While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell. 
10. Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened. 
Bài tập 3: Hoàn thành các câu sau với từ cho sẵn: 
1. Where/ you/ go? When/ you/ go? 
=> 
2. Who/ you/ go with? 
=> 
3. How/ you/ get/ there? 
=> 
4. What/ you/ do/ during the day? 
=> 
5. you/ have/ a/ good/ time? 
=> 
6. you/ have/ any/ problems? 
=> 
7. How long/ you/ be/ there? 
=> 
8. What/ your parents/ do/ while/ you/ go/ on holiday? 
=> 
Bài tập 4: Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn 
In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1............to the beach for the first time, 
something wonderful happened. I (swim)2............in the sea while my mother was sleeping in 
the sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink)3 some water. Suddenly I 
(see)4............a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair 
(be)5............beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart 
 Email: 28 
(beat)6............fast. I (ask)7............him for his name with a shy voice. He (tell)8............me that 
his name was John. He (stay)9............with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met 
again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have)10............a lot of fun together. 
At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. 
He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him. 
ĐÁP ÁN 
Bài tập 1 
1.saw 
2. were you doing 
3. did'nt visit 
4. rained 
5. was reading 
6. ate 
7. were running 
8. Did you find 
9. did she dance 
10. were watching 
Bài tập 2 
1.playing 
2. Were you studying 
3. doing 
4. go 
5. sleeping 
6. had 
7. break 
8. went 
9. was 
10. Turned 
Bài tập 3 
1.Where did you go? When did you go? 
2. Who did you go with? 
3. How did you get there? 
4. What were you doing during the day? 
5. Did you have a good time? 
6. Did you have any problems? 
7. How long were you there? 
8. What were your parents doing while you were going on holiday? 
Bài tập 4 
In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1 went to the beach for the first time, something 
wonderful happened. I (swim)2 was swimming in the sea while my mother was sleeping in the sun. 
My brother was building a castle and my father (drink)3 was drinking some water. Suddenly I (see)4 
saw a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be)5 was beautiful 
black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart (beat)6 was beating fast. I (ask)7 
 Email: 29 
asked him for his name with a shy voice. He (tell)8 told me that his name was John. He (stay)9 stayed 
with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following 
days we (have)10 had a lot of fun together. At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-
bye to John. We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him. 
UNIT 13. Festivals 
• Compound words 
• Reported speech 
• Compound noun (Danh từ ghép) có thể được thành lập bởi sự kết hợp giữa: 
• - Danh từ + danh động từ: Noun + gerund = compound noun 
Noun Gerund Compound noun 
rice 
water 
fire 
lorry 
clothes 
cooking 
fetching 
making 
driving 
washing 
rice-cooking (việc nấu cơm) 
water-fetching (việc lấy nước) 
fire-making (việc nhóm lửa) 
lorry driving (việc lái xe tải) 
clothes washing (việc giặt giũ) 
- Danh từ + danh từ: Noun + noun = compound noun 
• Ví dụ: 
a bicycle factory (một nhà máy xe đạp); a war film (một bộ phim chiến tranh); 
the table leg (cái chân bàn); coffee beans (hạt cà phê) 
- Danh từ + 's + danh từ: Noun + 's + noun = compound noun 
• Ví dụ: 
my sister's car (xe ôtô của chị tôi); a bird's nest (một cái tổ chim); cow's milk (sữa bò) 
the prisoners' complaint (lời than phiền của tù nhân) 
- Danh từ + giới từ + danh từ: Noun + preposition + noun = compound 
• Ví dụ: 
the top of the page (phần đầu của trang giấy); a man from London (người từ London); 
a feeling of disappointment (cảm giác thất vọng); a book on modern music (sách nói về 
âm nhạc hiện đại) 
Lời nói gián tiếp (reported speech) 
 Email: 30 
là lời nói tường thuật lại ý của người nói (không cần phải dùng đúng những từ của người nói). 
Ví dụ: 
Tom said, "I'm feeling ill”. (Tom đã nói "Tôi cảm thấy mệt”.) 
-> Tom said (that) he was feeling ill. (Tom nói (rằng) anh ấy thấy khó chịu.) 
1. Statements in reported speech (Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp) 
Muốn đổi một câu trần thuật từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, ta phải: 
a. Dùng động từ giới thiệu say hoặc tell: say (that); say to somebody (that); tell somebody (that). 
b. Đổi các đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ hoặc tính từ sở hữu sao cho tương ứng với chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ 
của mệnh đề chính. 
Ví dụ: 
Bill said, "I'm having a party at my flat.' 
- Bill said (that) he was having a party at his flat. (Bill nói rằng anh ấy sẽ tổ chức một buổi tiệc tại căn 
hộ của mình.) 
Lưu ý: 
* Khi tường thuật lại một câu hỏi thì ta chuyển câu hỏi đó thành câu dạng trần thuật 
Ví dụ: 
What is your name? He said 
=> He asked me what my name was. 
* Khi tường thuật lại lời nói của chính mình thì đại từ và tính từ sở hữu không thay đổi. 
Ví dụ: 
I said, "I like my new house.” 
 Email: 31 
-> I said (that) I liked my new house. (Tôi nói rằng tôi thích ngôi nhà mới của tôi.) 
c. Đổi thì của động từ thành thì quá khứ tương ứng. 
DIRECT SPEECH ⇒ REPORTED SPEECH 
• Present simple 
Tom said, "I never eat meat.” 
• Present progressive 
He said, 'I'm waiting for Ann.” 
• Present perfect 
She said, "I've seen this film. " 
• Present perfect progressive 
Andrew said, "I've been learning Chinese for 5 years. " 
• Past simple 
They said, 'We came by car.' 
• Past Progressive 
He said, "I was sitting in the park at 8 o'clock”. 
• Future simple 
Judy said, "I'll phone you.” 
• Future progressive 
He said, "I'll be playing golf at three o'clock tomorrow.” 
• Modal verbs 
• Past simple 
Tom said he never ate meat. 
• Past progressive 
He said he was waiting for Ann. 
• Past perfect 
She said she had seen that film. 
• Past perfect progressive 
Andrew said he had been learning Chinese 
for 5 years. 
• Past simple/ Past perfect 
They said they came/ had come by car. 
• Past progressive/Past perfect 
progressive 
He said he was sitting/ had been sitting in 
the park at 8 o'clock. 
• Future in the past 
Judy said she would phone me. 
• Future progressive in the past 
He said he would be playing golf at three 
 Email: 32 
- Can 
She said, "You can sit here.” 
- May 
Claire said, "I may go to Bali again.” 
- Must 
He said,”I must finish this report.” 
o'clock the following day. 
• Modals in the past 
- Could 
She said we could sit there. 
- Might 
Claire said she might go to Bali again. 
- Must/ Had to 
He said he must/ had to finish theatre 
d. Đổi một số tính từ chỉ định và trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian. 
this 
these 
here 
now 
today 
tonight 
yesterday 
the day before yesterday 
tomorrow 
the day before tomorrow 
ago 
that 
those 
there 
then 
that day 
that night 
the day before; the previous day 
two days before 
the day after; the next/ following day 
two days after 
before 
 Email: 33 
this week 
last week 
that week 
the week before; the previous week 
Ví dụ: 
He said, "I am taking my driving test tomorrow.” 
He said he was taking his driving test the following day. (Anh ấy nói hôm sau anh ấy sẽ thi lấy bằng 
lái.) 
Lưu ý: 
+ Câu trần thuật không có dấu ngoặc kép hoặc dấu chấm hỏi. 
+ Câu trần thuật có đại từ và trạng từ khác với câu nói trực tiếp. 
+ Should, ought to giữ nguyên không thay đổi ở câu trần thuật. 
+ Đối với động từ tell, đòi hỏi phải có tân ngữ để chỉ người nghe. 
Ví dụ: He told me that he was late for class. (Cậu ấy nói với tôi rằng cậu ấy trễ học.) 
+ Đối với động từ say, ta không cần đề cập người nghe. 
Ví dụ: He said that he was late for class. (Cậu ấy nói rằng cậu ấy trễ học.) 
- Nếu đề cập đến người nghe, thì phải thêm giới từ to. 
Ví dụ: He said to me that he was late for class. (Cậu ấy nói với tôi rằng cậu ấy trễ học.) 
Note: Will/ shall  would/ should ; Must  had to. 
* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau: 
 Today  that day 
 Tonight that night 
 Tomorrow the next day/the following day this  that 
 Yesterday the day before/the previous day these  those 
 Ago before this/ that  that 
 Now then here  there. 
next Sunday  the next / following Sunday 
 Email: 34 
last Tuesday  the previous Tuesday / the Tuesday before. 
 The day after tomorrow  in two days’ time/ two days later. 
+ Nguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật. 
* Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản: 
1. Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể) 
S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V 
* (says/ say to + O  tells / tell + O) and (said to + O  told + O). 
Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work” 
 He told me he hadn’t finished his work. 
2. Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi). 
a. Yes/ No questions: 
S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + V 
E.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked  He asked if/ whether I was angry. 
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, 
nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ...) 
b.Wh - questions: 
S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh– words + S + V. 
* says/ say to + O  asks/ ask + O. 
 said to + O  asked + O. 
Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. 
  The teacher asked us what we were talking about. 
3. Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh) 
* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive. 
Eg. “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said 
  Tom told Mary to wait for him there. 
* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive). 
Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us. 
 --> The teacher told us not to talk in class. 
* Reporting verbs: 
- agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse ... + to- infinitive 
- advise , ask, encourage, invite, remind, tell, want, warn ... + O + to infinitive. 
- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing. 
* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp: 
1. Điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp. 
Eg. He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.” 
 He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world. 
2. Điều kiện không có thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi. 
Eg: “If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”, he said. 
 He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere. 
B. Exercises: 
 Email: 35 
Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same. 
1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”. 
 He advised.................................................................................................................. 
2. “Shall I carry your suicase, Lan?” said Nam. 
 Nam offered.............................................................................................................. 
3. “ Yes, all right. I’ll share the food with you, Dave”. 
 Ann agreed................................................................................................................... 
4. “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”. 
 Paul reminded............................................................................................................... 
5. “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children. 
 The man ordered........................................................................................................... 
6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary. 
 Mary.............................................................................................................................. 
7. “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me. 
 Tom asked................................................................................................................... 
8. “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked. 
 Mom asked if............................................................................................................. 
9.She said to me “ I can’t do it by myself”. 
 She told me that.......................................................................................................... 
10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?” Lan asked. 
Lan wanted to know if........................................................................................................ 
11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him. 
His father warned him....................................................................................................... 
12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me. 
The..................................................................................................................................... 
13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students 
The librarian told the students................................................................................................. 
14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me. 
He...................................................................................................................................... 
15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary. 
The boss asked.................................................................................................................. 
16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me. 
My friend told me............................................................................................................. 
17.”This story happened long ago”he said. 
He said............................................................................................................................... 
KEY: 1.He advised me not to buy that car. 2.Nam offered to carry Lan’s suitcase. 
3.Ann agreed to share the food with Dave. 4.Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread. 
5.The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room. 
6.Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner. 
7.Tom asked me if/ whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/ the following week. 
 Email: 36 
8.Mom asked if I had finished my homework. 
9.She told me that she couldn’t do it by herself. 
10.Lan wanted to know if Nam’s brother lived in London. 
11.His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again. 
12.The photographer told me to give a smile. 
13. The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table. 
14.He asked me if I had travelled abroad much. 
15.The boss asked the secretaty who had written that note. 
16.My friend told me she had just received a postcast from his sister. 
17.He said that story had happened long before 
Exercise 2 
1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports¬man. 
............................................................................................................................................. 
2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me. 
............................................................................................................................................ 
3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client. 
........................................................................................................................................... 
4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid. 
........................................................................................................................................... 
5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me. 
........................................................................................................................................ 
6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend. 
............................................................................................................................................ 
7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the student. 
.......................................................................................................................................... 
8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child. 
............................................................................................................................................. 
9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me. 
......................................................................................................................................