Chuyên đề Giáo án tiếng Anh (Tiếp)

2. C¸c tõ cã ®iÓm gièng nhau dÔ nhÇm lÉn.
ACCEPT (v): chÊp nhËn.	Eg. Professor Perez will accept the chairmanship of the humanities department.
EXCEPT (pre): ngo¹i trõ (1 vËt hay 1 ng­êi).	Eg. Everyone is going to the convention except Bob.
ACCESS (n): s½n cã, c¸ch truy cËp vµo. 
Eg. The teacher had no access to the students’files, which were locked in the principal’s office.
EXCESS (adj): 1- dåi dµo, phong phó, d­ thõa.	Eg. We paid a surcharge on our excess baggage.
	 (n)	2- L­îng bæ xung, phô.	Eg. The demand for funds was in excess of the actual need.
ADVICE (n) : 	lêi khuyªn, t­ vÊn. 	Eg. If you heed the teacher’s advice, you will do well in your studies.
ADVISE (v) : khuyªn, hoÆc t­ vÊn. Eg. The Congress advised the president against signing the treaty at that time.
AFFECT (v): 	T¸c ®éng.	Eg. The doctors wanted to see how the medication would affect the patient.
EFFECT (n): 	1- KÕt qu¶ hoÆc hËu qu¶. Eg. The children suffered no ill effects from their long plane ride.
 (v)	2- T¹o hiÖu qu¶.	 Eg. To effect a change in city government we must all vote on Tuesday.
AGAIN (adv): 1 lÇn n÷a, lÆp l¹i ( 1 hµnh ®éng) Eg. Mike wrote to the publishers again, inquiring about his manuscript.
AGAINST (pre) : 	1- chèng l¹i, ph¶n ®èi ai ®ã hoÆc c¸i g× ®ã.
Eg. The athletic director was against our dancing in the new gym.
	2- kÒ bªn, bªn c¹nh. Eg. The boy standing against the piano is my cousin Bill.
ALREADY (adv): s½n sµng.	Eg. Jan’s plane had already landed before we got to the airport.
ALL READY (noun + adj): §· chÈn bÞ s½n sµng ®Ó lµm g×. 	Eg. We are all ready to go boating.
AMONG (pre): ChØ ra mèi quan hÖ trong (hoÆc sù lùa chän tõ) 3 hay nhiÒu ng­êi (nhiÓu vËt) - trong sè.
Eg. It was difficult to select a winner from among so many contestants.
BETWEEN (pre): chØ ra mèi quan hÖ (sù lùa chän) gi÷a 2 thùc thÓ.
Eg. Between writing her book and teaching, Mary Ellen had litte time for anything else.
L­u ý : cÊu tróc between ... and còng cã thÓ ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ vÞ trÝ chÝnh x¸c cña 1 quèc gia n»m gi÷a c¸c quèc gia kh¸c.	Eg. ViÖtnam lies between China, Laos and Cambodia.
BESIDE (pre): bªn c¹nh ®ã.	Eg. There is a small table beside the bed.
BESIDES (pre/ adv): ngoµi ra, còng, h¬n n÷a. Eg. I have five history books here besides the four that I left at home.
ASIDE (adv): ®Æt sang 1 bªn.	Eg. Harry sets money aside every payday for his daughter’s education.
COMPARE (V) + WITH: so víi (®Ó chØ ra sù gièng nhau, sù t­¬ng ®ång).
Eg. Sue compared her new school with the last one she had attended.
CONTRAST (V) + WITH: chØ ra sù t­¬ng ph¶n (kh¸c nhau).
Eg. In her composition, Marta chose to contrast life in a big city with that of a small town.
CONSECUTIVE (adj): Liªn tôc ( kh«ng cã tÝnh ng¾t qu·ng).
Eg. Today is the tenth consecutive day of unbearable heat wave.
SUCCESSIVE (adj): liªn tôc. Eg. The United States won gold medals in two successive Olympic Games.
CONSIDERABLE (adj): ®¸ng kÓ.
Eg. Even thought Marge had considerable experience in the field, she was not hired for the job.
CONSIDERATE (adj): lÞch sù, ©n cÇn, chu ®¸o, hay quan t©m tíi ng­êi kh¸c.
Eg. It was very considerate of Harry to send his hostess a bouquet of flowers.
CREDIBLE (adj): cã thÓ tin ®­îc.	Eg. His explanation of the rescue at sea seemed credible.
CREDITABLE (adj): vÎ vang, ®¸ng ca ngîi, ®¸ng khen.
Eg. The fireman’s daring rescue of those trapped in the burning was a creditable deed.
ViÖc ng­êi lÝnh cøu ho¶ d¸m x«ng vµo cøu nh÷ng ng­êi bÞ nhèt trong ®¸m ch¸y lµ viÖc lµm ®¸ng khen ngîi.
CREDULOUS (adj): c¶ tin, nhÑ da. Eg. Rita is so credulous that she will accept any excuse you offer.
DETRACT (v): lµm gi¶m (gi¸ trÞ, uy tÝn). Eg. Molly’s nervousness detracted from her singing.
DISTRACT (v): lµm l·ng quªn, lµm mÊt tËp trung.
Eg. Please don’t distract your father while he is balancing the chequebook.
DEVICE (n): mét ph¸t minh hay 1 kÕ ho¹ch, thiÕt bÞ, dông cô, m¸y mãc.
Eg. This is a clever device for cleaning fish without getting pinched by the scales.
DEVISE (v): nghÜ ra, s¸ng chÕ ra.
Eg. The general devised a plan for attacking the enemy camp at night while the soldiers were celebrating.
ELICIT (v): rót ra, moi ra, thu håi l¹i, rót l¹i
Eg. The prosecutor’s barrage of questions finally elicited the truth from the witness.
ILLICIT (adj): bÊt hîp ph¸p.
Eg. The politician’s illicit dealings with organized crime caused him to lose his government position.
EMIGRANT (n): ng­êi di c­ (®éng tõ lµ Emigrate from : di c­ tõ).
Eg. After world war II, many emigrants left Europe to go to the United States.
IMMIGRANT (n): ng­êi nhËp c­ (®éng tõ lµ Immigrate into ).
Eg. The United States is a country composed of immigrants.
EXAMPLE (n): thÝ dô, dÉn chøng. Eg. Picasso’s Guermica is an excellent example of expressionism in art.
SAMPLE (n): mÉu. Eg. Mike loves to go to supermarket because the dairy lady always gives her a sample of cheese.
FORMERLY (adv): tr­íc ®©y. Eg. He formerly worked as a professor, but now he is a physicist.
FORMALLY (adj) 1- tÒ chØnh (¨n mÆc). Eg. At the resort we were required to dress formally for dinner every night.
 ë n¬i ®«ng ng­êi ng­êi ta yªu cÇu chóng t«i ¨n mÆc chØnh tÒ vµo tÊt c¶ c¸c b÷a ¨n tèi.
	2- chÝnh thøc. 	Eg. She has formally requested a name change.
HARD (adj): 	1- khã.	Eg. The test was so hard that nobody passed.
	2- cøng. 	Eg. The stadium’s seats were hard, so we rented a cushion.
3- (adv) ch¨m chØ, rÊt nç lùc.	Eg. They worked hard on the project.
HARDLY (adv): hÇu nh­ kh«ng. 
Eg. He had so much work to do after the vacation that he hardly knew where to begin.
HELPLESS (adj): V« väng, tuyÖt väng.
Eg. I could not speak their language, I felt helpless trying to understand the tourists’ plight.
USELESS (adj): v« dông.	Eg. An umbrella is useless in a hurricane. « sÏ trë nªn v« dông trong trËn b·o.
HOUSE (n) vs. HOME (n): nhiÒu khi ®­îc sö dông lÉn lén, nh­ng cã sù kh¸c biÖt vÒ ng÷ nghÜa. 
1- House ¸m chØ tíi toµ nhµ hoÆc c«ng tr×nh kiÕn tróc. 
Eg. The Chapmans are building a new house in Buckingham Estates. 
2- Home ¸m chØ tíi bÇu kh«ng khÝ trong ng«i nhµ. Home lµ n¬i tr¸i tim ë.
IMAGINARY (adj): T­ëng t­îng, kh«ng cã thËt.
Eg. Since Ralph has no brother or sisters, he has created an imaginary playmate.
IMAGINATIVE (adj): phong phó trÝ t­ëng t­îng, giµu trÝ t­ëng t­îng.
Eg. Star Wars was created by an highly imaginatve writer.
IMMORTAL (adj): bÊt tö.
Eg. The immortal works of Shakespeare are still being read and enjoyed three centuries after their writing.
IMMORAL (adj): tr¸i víi lu©n th­êng ®¹o lý, ®åi b¹i.
Eg. Their immoral behavior in front of the students cost the teachers their jobs.
IMPLICIT (adj): ngÇm, Èn tµng, tiÒm tµng, tuyÖt ®èi, hoµn toµn.
Eg. Our supervisor has implicit faith in our ability to finish the project on time.
Ng­êi gi¸m s¸t dù ¸n cã niÒm tin tuyÖt ®èi vµo kh¶ n¨ng hoµn tÊt dù ¸n ®óng thêi h¹n cña chóng t«i.
EXPLICIT (adj): râ rµng, chÝnh x¸c. Eg. They gave explicit instructions for carrying out the research project.
INDUSTRIAL (adj): [thuéc] c«ng nghiÖp. Eg. Paul had an industrial accident and wa in the hospital for three months.
INDUSTRIOUS (adj): cÇn cï, siªng n¨ng. 
Eg. Mark was such an industrious student that he received a four-year scholarship to the university.
INFLICT (v): kÕt ¸n, b¾t ph¶i chÞu. Eg. Because the prisoners had created a riot and had assaulted several guards, the
 	warden inflicted several punishments on all the participants.
AFFLICT (v): lµm sÇu n·o, lµm ®au khæ. Eg. During the Middle Ages, millions of people were afflicted by the plague.
(vµo thêi trung cæ, hµng triÖu ng­êi ®· bÞ ng· bÖnh v× n¹n dÞch.)
INSPIRATION (n): c¶m høng (s¸ng t¹o, häc tËp, kh¸m ph¸). Eg. Thomas A. Edison, inventor of the phonograph, said 
that an idea was ninety-nine percent perspiration and one percent inspiration. (Thomas A. Edison, nhµ 
ph¸t minh ra chiÕc kÌn, nãi r»ng 1 ý t­ëng lµ 99% må h«i c«ng søc vµ chØ 1% c¶m høng s¸ng t¹o).
ASPIRATION (n): 1- kh¸t väng, nguyÖn väng. 	 Eg. Gail’s lifelong aspiration has been that of becoming a doctor. 
 2- sù hÝt thë. 	 Eg. To pronounce certain words, proper aspiration is necessary.
INTELLIGENT (adj): th«ng minh.
Eg. Dan was so intelligent that he received good grades without ever having to study.
INTELLIGIBLE (adj): dÔ dµng, dÔ hiÓu.
Eg. The science teacher’s explanations were so intelligible that students had no problems doing their assignments.
INTELLECTUAL (n):	1- trÝ thøc. Eg. Because Fabian is an intellectual, he finds it difficult to associate with his 
 	classmates who are less intelligent.
 2- (adj): kh«n ngoan, tµi trÝ, uyªn b¸c. Eg. John was involved in an intellectual conversation with his old professor.
INTENSE (adj): m¹nh, d÷ déi, m·nh liÖt. Eg. Last winter’s intense cold almost depleted the natural gas supply.
INTENSIVE (adj): m¹nh, s©u, tËp trung. Eg. Before going to Mexico, Phil took an intensive course in Spanish.
LATE (adj, adv): 	1-kh«ng ®óng giê, muén. 	Eg. Professor Carmichael hates to see his students arrive late. 
2- (adj) qu¸ cè. 	Eg. Her late husband was the author of that book.
LATELY (adv): gÇn ®©y. 	Eg. I haven’t seen Burt lately. He must be extremely busy with his research.
LEARN (v): häc. 	Eg. The new cashier had to learn how to operate the computerised cash register.
TEACH (v): d¹y. 	Eg. The instructor is teaching us how to program computers.
LEND (v) vµ LOAN (v): cho vay - cã thÓ dïng lÉn ®­îc. Eg. Jill loaned (lend) me her red dress to wear to the dance.
BORROW (v): vay. 	 Eg. I borrowed Jill’s red dress to wear to the dance.
LIQUEFY (v): tan ra, ch¶y ra. 	 Eg. The ice cream began to liquefy in the intense heat.
LIQUIDATE (v): trõ khö, thanh to¸n, thanh lý.
Eg. The foreign agent tried to liquidate the traitor before he passed the information to his contacts.
LONELY (adj : c« ®¬n. 	Eg. After her husband’s death, Debbie was very lonely and withdrawn.
Sau c¸i chÕt cña chång, Debbie rÊt c« ®¬n vµ khã tÝnh.
ALONE (adj): mét m×nh. 	Eg. After losing in the Olympic tryouts, Phil asked to be left alone.
NEAR (pre/adv): gÇn. 	Eg. My biology class meets near the Student Union.
NEARLY (adv): hÇu hÕt, gÇn nh­, suýt n÷a.	 Eg. We were nearly hit by the speeding car on the turnpike.
Chóng t«i suýt n÷a th× bÞ mét xe tèc ®é cao hóc vµo trªn xa lé.
OBSERVATION (n): sù quan s¸t, sù theo dâi.
Eg. The ancient Egyptians’ observation of the heavently bodies helped them know when to plant and harvest.
OBSERVANCE (n): sù tu©n theo, sù tu©n thñ, nghi thøc, nghi lÔ.
Eg. There will be numerous parades and displays of the fireworks in observance of Independece Day.
PERSECUTE (v): ng­îc ®·i, hµnh h¹.
Eg. Throughout history many people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs.
PROSECUTE (v): truy tè. 	Eg. Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.
PRECEDE (v): ®øng tr­íc. 	Eg. Weather Service warnings preceded the hurricane.
PROCEED (v): tiÕp tôc (mét c«ng viÖc bÞ bá dë).
Eg. After the fire drill, the teacher proceeded to explain the experiment to the physics class.
QUANTITY (n): sè l­îng (®­îc dïng víi danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®­îc).
Eg. A large quantity of sand was removed before the archaeologists found the prehistoric animal bones.
NUMBER (n): sè l­îng (®­îc sö dông víi danh tõ ®Õm ®­îc).
Eg. A number of artefacts were found at the excavation site.
REMEMBER (v): nhí l¹i, nhí, nghÜ vÒ.
Eg. I do not remember what time he asked me to call. You don’t remember, do you?
REMIND (v): nh¾c nhë ai, lµm cho nhí l¹i. 	Eg. Please remind me to call Henry at 7 o’clock tonight. 
Henry reminds me of my uncle.
SENSIBLE (adj): cã ãc ph¸n ®o¸n tèt. Eg. When it is raining hard, sensible people stay indoors.
SENSITIVE (adj): nhËy c¶m. 
Eg. Stephen cannot be out in the sun very long because he has very sensitive skin and burns easily.
SPECIAL (adj): ®Æc biÖt. 	Eg. Meyer’s Department Store will have a special sale for their charge customers.
ESPECIALLY (adv): ®Æc biÖt. 
Eg. Rita is especially tatented in the fine arts. She has a special talent for playing music by ear.
USE (n): ¸p dông, sö dông. Eg. The salesman said that regular use of fertilizer would ensure a greener, healthier lawn.
USAGE (n): c¸ch sö dông. Eg. Norm Crosby’s usage of English vocabulary in his comedy routine is hilarious.