Giáo án chuyên đề tiếng Anh 11 - Pronunciation chart – Bảng phiên âm quốc tế

nd __ him a lot in his career. Without their suP.Port, he would not have been successful.
 	A. told 	B. encourage 	C. taught 	D. complained
39. He often tells me something about his village______ he was born and grew up.
 	A. which 	B. who 	C. where 	D. that
40. This is the man who ______ me English.
 	A. teach 	B. teaches 	C. are teaching 	D. were teaching
41. He ______ in love with her picture even before he met her.
 	A. falls 	B. has fallen 	C. fell 	D had fallen
42. Hanoi is the city in ______ he was born.
 	A. where 	B. which 	C. that 	D. who
43. This house is an old one ______ was built long time ago.
 	A. which 	B. where 	C. who 	D. whose
44. Mark Twain’s last book was written in 1909, one year before his ______.
 	A. died 	B. dead 	C. death 	D. dying
45. His wife had great influence ______ his books.
 	A. in 	B. at 	C. for 	D. on 
46. James Watt was the ______ of the steam engine.
 	A. writer 	B. inventor 	C. engineer 	D. worker
47. I live in a house ______ has four rooms.
 	A. which 	B. where 	 	C. in which 	D. it
48. ______ we can find new sources of energy, our life will come to an end.
A. unless 	B. when 	C. if 	D. B or C
49. The two books provide us ______ an excellent picture of his era.
 	A. about 	B. with 	C. for 	D. to
50. Shakespeare ______ Hamlet in 1600 and 1601.
 	A. writes 	B. has written 	C. wrote 	D. had written 
PHẦN VI - ASPECTS OF SPEECH
EMPHASIS:
Kinds (Classification):
1.1. Pronunciation: using stresses and intonation. e.g. Are you free? Really?
1.2. Written forms (transformation): e.g. She could hardly understand. ~Hardly could she understand.
Styles:
2.1. Verbs: do/ does/ did + bare infinitives
 e.g. He visited us yesterday. ~ He did visit us yesterday.
 Hoa loves romantic films. ~ Hoa does love romantic films.
2.2. Adjectives: It is/was + adjs + to infinitives.
 e.g. + Knowing your limitation is important. ~ It’s important to know…
 + He found that learning English was difficult. ~ He found that it was 
2.3. Reflexive pronouns: myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/ …
 e.g. She did it. ~ She herself did it. He thought that. ~ He himself thought that.
2.4. Emphasis case: It is/ was …that …(cleft sentences)
 e.g. I hated him. ~ It was him who I hated.
 I need a replacement not others. ~ It is a replacement, not others that I need.
2.5. Inversion case: here/ restricted adverbs
 e.g. He could never find out the truth. ~ Never could he find out the truth.
 We seldom eat snails. ~ Seldom do we eat snails.
QUANTITIERS:
Single verbs agreements:
1.1. each/ every/ either/ neither + N(s)/ of N(s) + singular V.
e.g. Each person has his own thought. Neither of my children gets up late.
1.2. each/ every + N(s)/ each/ every + N + singular V
 e.g. Each day and each night passes without me missing her./ Each of the boys has his own books of photos.
1.3. every/ some/ no + singular V(s) e.g. Someone was sitting outside. No-one knows him.
1.4. plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/ linguistics/ genetics/ 
 athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the PhiliP.Pines/ Wales/…
e.g. The United States was shock by the bombing on September 11th.
 The Philippines is a developing.
1.5. uncountable nouns: furniture/ water/ traffic/ progress/ homework/ knowledge/…
e.g. Water is composed by Oxygen and Hydrogen. At this time of day, traffic is very heavy.
1.6. distance/ time/ money:
e.g. Five miles is a relatively far distance. Fifty billion dongs is a big sum of money.
1.7. titles of books/ articles/ stories: e.g. “Tom and Jerry” is well-known all over the world.
 “The seven dragon pearls” is a picture book.
1.8. subjective clauses: e.g. All that he needed was a full apology. What I really like is an ice cream.
Plural verbs agreements:
2.1. combination “and”: e.g. Tom and his friends were walking to school.
2.2. “the + adj(s)” form: e.g. The English are cool. The rich are not always happy.
2.3. collective nouns: e.g. Cattle are driven to the field.
2.4. some/ a few/ a lot of/ both/… e.g. Some boys are resigned.
Various agreements:
3.1. Either or
 Neither + N1 nor + N2 + V
 Not only but also (but ….as well )
 e.g. Either Tom or his friends are coming. Neither the Prime Minister nor his ministers have been injured. 
3.2. The number of + N(s) + singular V
 A number of + N(s) + plural V
 e.g. The number of attendants is poor. A number of visitors are killed.
3.3. Pronoun1/ N1 + pre + pronoun2/ N2 + singular V.
 e.g. A pair of shoes is cheaper than a table. Two pairs of shoes is much more expensive than a table.
3.4. All/ some/ plenty / a lot singular N(s) + singular V
 Half/ most/ the rest/ lots + of + plural N(s) + plural V
 e.g. A lot of money is lost. All of them have been arrested.
GERUNDS:
Formation: V-ING
Functions: 
2.1. Subject (S): Fishing is his hobby./ Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy.
2.2. Complement (C): (of to be) Her passion is studying.
 What we really want is escaping from this terrible place.
2.3. Compound nouns:
2.3.1. Gerund-noun: fishing-rod cooking-apple driving license
 wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil
2.3.2. Non-gerund: fruit-picking sky-diving bush walking time- counting 
2.4. Object (O):
2.4.1. Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs
admit 
avoid
appreciate
begin
consider
postpone
resume
love
continue
delay
deny
enjoy
escape
recall
suggest
resist
finish
keep
mention
mind
like
hate
recollect
prefer
miss
practice
quit
report
resent
risk
2.4.2. Verb preposition:
approve of
apologize for
believe in
count on
care for
complain of
confess to
consist of
depend on
dream of
end in 
give up
get to
forget about
go back to
hesitate about
insist on
keep on
lead to
long for
mean by
persist in
plan on
put off
rely on
return to
result in
safe from
succeed in
think about
think of
take to
threaten with
worry about
object to
look forward to….
2.4.3. Adjective preposition:
absorbed in 
accustomed to
afraid of
amused at
skilled in (at)
annoy at
ashamed of
aware of
(in)capable of
surprised at
careful in
careless of
certain about
clever at
wrong in…
content with
delighted at
different from
embarrassed at
excited about
far from
fond of
fortunate in
frightened of
furious at
given to
good at
grateful for
happy in (at)
slow in
interested in
keen on
nice about
proud of
thankful for
responsible for
right in
scared at (of)
set on
angry with
pleased at
sure of
sorry for
successful in (at)
careful about
sick of
worried about
tired of (from)
upset at
(un)conscious of
2.4.4. Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings)
can’t bear; can’t face; can’t stand; can’t help; feel like…. - It’s no use.../ It’s (not) worth…/…
2.4.5. Adjectives:
amusing
comfortable
difficult
easy
great
Pleasant
hopeless
lovely
Nice
off
strange
useless/ wonderful
2.4.6. Noun preposition:
choice of
excuse for
possibility of
intention of
reason for
method for…
2.4.7. Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs
call
catch
feel
discover
find
leave
watch…
hear
get
imagine
keep
notice
send
set
stop
2.5. Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases;
Find/ found + it + V-ING: He found the film annoying.
When/ on /while / as + V-ING: When opening the case, he found his lost notebook.
 While checking the case, we found banned drugs. 
INFINITIVES:
Classification:
Full infinitive: With “to’ e.g. He go to Paris to learn French.
Bare infinitive: Without “to’ e.g. My parent didn’t let me do what I really liked. 
Perfect infinitive: Form “have past participles” e.g. He was believed to have escaped from the prison.
Positions:
2.1. Follow the verbs below: 
agree 
arrange 
ask 
attempt 
begin 
mean 
need 
neglect 
care 
cease 
choose 
claim 
come
plan 
prefer 
pretend 
continue 
decide 
deserve 
demand 
determine 
propose 
refuse 
start 
desire 
expect 
fail 
fear 
forget
strive 
tend 
threaten 
hate 
help 
hesitate 
hope 
intend
offer 
omit
Swear
learn 
like 
long 
love 
manage 
prepare 
promise
Seem
 try want wish…
2.2. Follow the idiomatic phrases: make up one’s mind/ take care/ take the trouble/ make sure/… 
 e.g. They couldn’t make up their mind to go or not.
2.3. Follow the adjectives below:
(un)able
afraid
amused
annoyed
anxious
interested
keen
ashamed
astonished
boring
careful
certain
(im)possible
proud
content
crazy
curious
dangerous
delighted
sorry
sufficient
determined
difficult
distressed
due
eager
usual
thankful
easy
hard
fortunate
free
frightened
worthy
wrong
furious 
good
glad
grateful
happy
slow
scared
hopeless
horrified
impatient
safe
sure
useless
surprised
lucky
moved
pleased
(un)willing
wonderful
(un)wise
2.4. Follow WH-words: what/ who/ whom/ which/ when/ where/ how.
e.g. She didn’t know what to do next. We didn’t decided where to go.
2.5. Follow nouns pronouns of the verbs below:
advise 
allow 
ask 
assume 
beg 
hate
suspect
Wish
believe 
cause 
challenge 
command 
compel
observe
trust
persuade 
consider 
enable 
encourage 
expect 
find
order 
permit 
Tempt 
forbid 
force 
get 
guess 
know
teach 
tell 
warn 
imagine 
instruct 
intend 
invite 
think 
understand 
urge 
lead 
like 
love 
mean 
want 
prefer
2.6. To be demonstration, purposes, results: enough / save money/…
e.g. The house, to be demolished, is very old. She has nothing to eat.
 We haven’t got enough to have one each. They saved money to go abroad. 
2.7. To form absolute phrases: To tell the truth; To cut a long short story;…
 e.g. To tell the truth, she was a real liar.
2.8. To form exclamation: e.g. To think she met with such a death! Oh! To be young again!
SPECIAL CASES:
* Nh÷ng ®éng tõ dÔ g©y nhÇm lÉn	§ã lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ trong b¶ng sau:
Néi ®éng tõ
rise/ lie/ sit
rose/ lay/ sat
risen/ lain/ sat
rising/ lying/ sitting
C¸c ®éng tõ nµy rÊt dÔ g©y nhÇm lÉn vÒ mÆt ng÷ nghÜa, chÝnh t¶ hoÆc ph¸t ©m, cÇn ph©n biÖt chóng b»ng ng÷ c¶nh trong c¸c c©u cô thÓ.
Ngo¹i ®éng tõ
raise/ lay/ set
raised/ laid/ set
raised/ laid/ set
raising/ laying/ setting
TO RISE - tõ d©ng lªn (®éng tõ nµy kh«ng cÇn t©n ng÷)
Eg. 	The sun rises early in the summer./ When the bell rings, the students rise from their seats.
When oil and water mix, oil rises to the top./ Jim rose early so that he could play golf.
It must be late; the moon has risen./ Prices have risen more than ten percent in a very short time.
TO RAISE (sb, st) - N©ng ai, c¸i g× lªn - §éng tõ ®ßi hái 1 t©n ng÷.
Eg. 	The students raise their hands in class./ The weighlifter raises the barbell over it’s head.
The crane raised the car out of the lake./ After studying very hard, John raised his grades greatly.
Mr. Daniels has raised his tenants’ rent another fifteen dollars.
The OPEC have raised the price of oil.
TO LIE: ë t¹i , n»m. - to lie in: ë t¹i n¬i nµo./ - to lie down: n»m xuèng/ - to lie on: n»m trªn.
§éng tõ nµy rÊt dÔ nhÇm lÉn víi to lie (nãi dèi) ph¶i ph©n biÖt nã víi to lie trong mÉu c©u: to lie to sb.
Eg. The university lies in the Western section of town./ If they are tired, they should lie down for a nap.
Maria Elena lay on the beach for three hours yesterday sunbathing.
( trong c©u nµy hµnh ®éng sunbath x¶y ra song song víi viÖc n»m trªn b·i biÓn nªn dïng sunbathing - nh­ phÇn lý thuyÕt ë trªn ®· tr×nh bµy)
The old dog just lay on the grass watching the children at play.
( 2 hµnh ®éng n»m vµ xem x¶y ra ®ång thêi nªn dïng watching....)
Don’t disturb Mary; she has lain down for a rest.
That old rug had lain in the corner for many years before it was put in the garage.
TO LAY (st, sb): ®Æt, ®Ó ai ®ã, c¸i g× lªn trªn bÒ mÆt
- to lay on: ®Æt trªn.	- to lay in: ®Æt vµo.	- to lay down: ®Æt xuèng.
L­u ý: Nguyªn thÓ vµ hiÖn t¹i cña ®éng tõ nµy rÊt dÔ nhÇm lÉn víi thêi qu¸ khø cña ®éng tõ to lie, cÇn ph©n biÖt chóng theo ng÷ c¶nh.
Eg. Don’t lay your clothes on the bed./ The boy lays his books on the table every day.
The enemy soldiers laid down their weapons and surrendered.
= The enemy soldiers laid down their weapons surrendering.
The children laid their toys on the floor when they had finished using them.
The students had laid their composition on the teacher’s desk before the bell rang.
The nurse laid the baby in crib.
TO SIT: ngåi - to sit in: ngåi trong, ngåi ë./ - to sit on: ngåi trªn./ - to sit down: ngåi xuèng.
Eg. 	We are going to sit in the fifth row at the opera./ Bullfight fans sit in the shade because it is cool.
Because the weather was nice, we sat on the patio./ After swimming, Bob sat on the beach to dry off.
Nobody has sat through as many boring lectures as Peter has.
They have sat in the same position for 2 hours.
L­u ý: Kh«ng ®­îc nhÇm lÉn ®éng tõ nµy víi to seat ( cã søc chøa, cã chç ngåi)
Eg. This studium can seat 100.000 people.
TO SET: ®Æt ®Ó ( t­¬ng ®­¬ng víi to put). §éng tõ nµy rÊt dÔ lÉn ph¸t ©m vãi simple past cña to sit ( sat).
Eg. 	The little girl helps her father (to) set the table every night.
The carpenters set their tools in the box at noon and go to lunch.
The botanist set her plants in the sun so that they would grow.
After carrying her son from the car, the mother set him in his crib.
Don’t set the chocolate near the oven or it will melt.
No sooner had they set the roast in the oven, than the electricity went out.
** Mét sè thµnh ng÷ dïng víi c¸c ®éng tõ nµy.
- to lay off (workers, employees) - D·n thî, cho nghØ bít, cho t¹m nghØ.
- to set (broken bone) in: bã x­¬ng gÉy vµo trong ...
- to set one’s arlam for + time: ®Ó ®ång hå b¸o thøc vµo lóc. 
Eg. I set my alarm for 6 am everyday.
- to set fire to (st): lµm ch¸y. Eg. While playing with matches, the children set fired to the sofa.
- to raise ( plants, animals) for a living: Trång c©y, nu«i gia sóc ®Ó kiÕm sèng.
Eg. 	That farmer raises chickens for a living.
*** Mét sè ®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt kh¸c.
- agree to do st ( §ång ý lµm g×) - agree to sb’s doing st (§ång ý víi viÖc lµm g× cña ai).
Eg. He agrees to my leaving early tomorrow morning.
- mean to do st: cã ý ®Þnh lµm g×. Eg. I mean to get to the top of the mount before sunrise.
- It means doing st: bao gåm c¶ viÖc lµm g×.
Eg. He is determined to get ticket for Saturday’s game if it means standing in the line all night.
- propose to do st: cã ý ®Þnh lµm g×. Eg. I propose to start tomorrow.
- propose doing st: §Ò nghÞ lµm g×. Eg: I proposed waiting until the police came.
- go on doing st: TiÕp tôc lµm viÖc g× ( ®ang bÞ bá dë) Eg. He goes on talking about his accident.
- go on to do st: TiÕp tôc lµm g× (vÉn cïng mét chñ ®Ò nh­ng chuyÓn sang mét khÝa c¹nh kh¸c).
Eg. 	He goes on to tell about his accident on the trip.
He shows the position of the Island on the map and goes on to talk about it’s climate.
- try to do st: cè g¾ng lµm g×. Eg. He tries to improve his English.	- try doing st: thö lµm g×.
Eg. They try putting wise netting all around the garden to stop entering of the livestock.
Either infinitives or gerunds:
1.1. stop:	a. stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work)
e.g. He stops to smoke. (He stops his work and starts smoking)
stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit ) e.g. He stops smoking (He no longer smokes)
1.2. try: a. try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do)
e.g. He tried to lift the case. (He managed to lift the case and succeeded)
 try + gerunds (= to experience)
e.g. He tried lifting the case. (He wanted to know whether he could lift it)
1.3. remember:
remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task)
e.g. He remembered to lock the door. (He had to lock the door)
remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task)
e.g. He remembered locking the door. (He was sure that he had locked the door)
1.4. forget:
forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task) e.g. Sam forgot to buy food. (Sam didn’t buy food)
forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten)
e.g. Sam forgot buying food. (He bought food but he didn’t remember)
1.5. regret:
regret + to infinitives (not want to do this task)
e.g. Kim regretted to say the truth. (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to)
regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly)
e.g. Kim regretted saying the truth.(He said and he regretted what he’d done)
Would:
conditional sentences:
e.g. If I were you, I would agree to come. He would have passed if he had known the rules well.
past habits: e.g. I would sing romantic songs when I was young. She would cry when she was too sad.
Used to: past habit not happen at present e.g. She used to walk to school.
Be (get) used to:
get used to (= be acquainted with) e.g. She has got used to walking to office. 
be used to (be familiar to) e.g. He was used to walking to office.
Would rather V1 than V2:
5.1. would rather (not) + V: e.g. She’d rather go to the meeting. We would rather not mention that case.
5.2. would rather + O (not) + p. V:
e.g. I’d rather him brought there some cakes. She would rather her husband not joined the army.
Prefer gerunds/Ns to gerunds/Ns:
6.1. prefer + gerunds = like + gerunds/ infinitives:e.g. She preferred walking to driving. She liked walking/ to walk.
6.2. would prefer + infinitives = would like + infinitives: e.g. She’d prefer to walk. She would like to walk.
Could/ may/ might: possibility/ maybe = perhaps
7.1. in conditional sentences: e.g. If it rains, we may cancel the trip. 
 We might go to the park if it were Sunday today.
7.2. uncertain speculation: e.g. It could/ may/ might rain tomorrow. It will possibly rain tomorrow.
7.3. perhaps/ maybe: e.g. Perhaps he won’t come. Maybe it will rain tomorrow.
Should:
8.1. command; request; obligation: e.g. You should study harder. / She should bring along an umbrella.
8.2. an expectation/ a wish: e.g. My letter should arrive next week.
Speculations/ deduction:
9.1. could/ may/ might + have + P.P: Past possibility e.g. It may have rained last night./ He might have gone.
9.2. should have + P.P: Past unfulfilled actions e.g. He should have done his homework. 
9.3. must have + P.P: Logical thought about past events e.g. (She passed the exam). She must have studied hard.
PRACTICE EXERCISE 8 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 8
Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.
1. Columbus ______ America in 1492.
 	A. invented 	B. found 	C. discovered 	D. saw
2. A driver is a person who ______.
 	A. drives a car 	B. sells cars 	C. has a car 	D. makes cars
3. A singer is a person who ______.
 	A. composes music 	B. writes songs 	C. sings well 	D. drives well
4. Most of the ______ in my school are under 30 years old.
 	A. teachers 	B. workers 	C. artists 	D. farmers
5. Darwin, ______ was an English physiologist, was born in 1809 and died in 1882.
 	A. which 	B. that 	C. who 	D. where
6. Is there anything ______ I can do for you ?
 	A. where 	B. that 	C. who 	D. which
7. Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn ______ Twain’s best works.
 A. consider 	B. considered 	C. is considered 	D. are considered
8. He is working ______ a taxi-driver.
 	A. at 	B. as 	C. to 	D. in
9. A person who spends his/her whole life writing books is a ______.
 	A. writer 	B. teacher 	C. singer 	D. worker
10. G. Washington, ______ was the first president of the USA, was born in 1732 and died in 1799.
 	A. that 	B. who 	C. where 	D. which 
11. He dropped the vase and it broke ______ pieces.
 A. into 	B. down 	C. off 	D. in
12. When we travel in the streets, pay attention to traffic______. 
 A. sighs 	B. sights 	C. scenes 	 D. signs	
13. I am on a diet. I want to______ .
 A. over weighted 	B. lose weight 	C. gain weight 	D. get fatter
14. Faraday is the great ______of all time.
 A. scientific 	B. scientism 	C. scientist 	D. science
15. Mathematics______ an important part in our lives