Đảo ngữ: lý thuyết và bài tập

ĐẢO NGỮ: LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP
People usually use some forms of inversions to emphasize .There are some kinds of inversions:
Inversion with negatives
hardly ever 
hardly .when / scarcely.when / no sooner.than
not only..
not until / till
nowhere
on no account
only by
only in this way
only then / when
scarcely ever
seldom
structure: phrases + auxiliary verb + subject+ main verb
Example:
Never in my life have I seen such a strange behavior
Only after arriving at the office did I realize that I had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker
No sooner does he learn a few English words than he forgets them all
Under no circumstances can you open this door
Not until he had retired did he think about having a holiday
Not only did he pass the exam but she also got scholarship
Nowhere have I felt as comfortable as this town
After the structure “ so+adjective.that” , “ such + be that”, “ neither/ nor”
Example
So alike were the twins that few people could tell them apart
Such is the popularity of the play that the theater is likely to be full every night
He had no money,nor did he know anyone he could borrow from
After the accident, Jane couldn’t hear, and neither could she see
Inversion with place expressions with “stand,sit,lie,come,go.”
Example
Around the corner is the hospital
On the grass sat an enormous frog
In the doorway stood her father
Under the tree was lying some children
Inversion with conditionals
we can use ‘should, were, had” at the beginning of the sentence 
Example:
If you see Jane, Please give her this message
= Should you see jane, please give her this message
He would get the job if he were more careful in writing his résume
= He would get the job were he more careful in writing his résume
If the goalkeeper had played better, we would have won the game
= Had the goalkeeper played better , we would have won the game
EXERCISE
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences:
Not only..
he refused to help me but he also made fun of me
did he refuse to help me but he made fun of me also
did he refuse to help me but he also made fun of me
he did refuse to help me but also made fun of me
..had she open the cupboard than she stood in front of it petrified
No sooner
As soon as
Hardly
The fact
.with enough life-boats she wouldn’t have caused so heavy casualties
Were the Titanic to be equiped
The Titanic were to be equiped
The Titanic was to be equiped
Had the Titanic been equiped
It was not until the doctors asked him to comment on his deathrecognised their craziness
when he
 and he
 that he
 he
George would certainly have attended the meeting
if he didn’t get a flat tire
if the flat tire hadn’t happened
 had he not had a flat tire
 had the tire not flatterned itselt
..received law degrees as today
Never so many women have
Never have so many women
The women aren’t ever
Women who have never
..during his dinner with us
Not did my grandfather say single word
Not said a single word did my grandfather
Not my grandfather said a single word
Not a single word did my grandfather say
There is no water on the moon , nor ..an atmosphere around it
there is
 it is
 there is not
is there
the work when his wife came in with two policemen
Had he hardly finished
Had hardly he finished
Hardly he had finished
Hardly had he finished
Not until the first land plants developed
land animals appeared
 did land animals appear
would land animals appear
the land animals appeared
KEY: 1C 2 A 3D 4C 5C 6B 7D 8D 9D 10 B
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences:
Not onlyin the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well
is studied human behavior
is human behavior studied
did human behavior study
human behavior studied
It was not until she had arrived home remembered her appointment with the doctor
when she
that she
and she
she
Not until a student has mastered algebrathe principles of geometry, trigonometry, and physics
he can begin to understand
can he begin to understand
he begins to understand
that he can begin to understand
they go to the threater
Only on rare occasions
 Only on rare accasions do
 On rare occasions only
 Only do on rare occasions
.pleased with himself
Only after John received the first was he 
Only after John received the first prize he was
 After John received the first prize only was he
 After John receivd the first prize only he was
..the lights went out
Hardly had the performance begun when
Hardly the performance had begun when did
Hardly had the performance begun than
Hardly the performance had begun than did
..visited her
Had I know she was sick, I would have
No sooner had I know she was sick, I would have
No sooner had I know she was sick than I
Hardly had I know she was sick when I
..I would give a party
Were she to come next month
 She were to come next month
 She comes next month
She would come next month
more help , I could call my neighbour
Needed
Should I need
I have needed
I should need
 my father sat down for lunch than there was a knock at the door
Hardly had
 No sooner had
At no time had
Never before had
KEY: 1B 2B 3B 4 B 5 A 6A 7A 8A 9B 10 B
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences:
the book , please return it to me
Should you find
Will you be finding
Will you find
Will you have found
graduated from college
Nowhere does he found a job after he had
Nowhere did he find a job after he had
Not anywhere did he find a job after had he
Nowhere did he find a job after had he
 he sold the house
Hardly did he have time to settle down when
Hardly has he had time to settle down when
No sooner had he had time to settle down when
No sooner had he had time to settle down than
lost all his clothes
Before arriving in New York had he spent all his money
No sooner had he arrived in New York than had he spent all his money
 Not only had he spent all his money before arriving in New York but he also
 Not only had he spent all his money before arriving in New York but had he also
.to speak to his wife about his ex-girlfriend !
Never has he again dared
Never again has he dared
 Again never has he dared
 Never again did he have dare
..to say too much about oneself
Seldom does it wise
Seldom is it wise
Seldom wise it is
Seldom wise is it
Not until
I approached the flat did I realized that it was completely empty
did I approach the flat that I realized it was completely empty
I approached the flat that I realized was it completely empty 
did I approach the flat I realized that it was completely empty 
..most of the soldiers gave up!
So was the exercise difficult that
 So difficult was the exercise that
 So was the exercise difficult that did 
So difficult was the exercise that did
be impolite to our parents
Not in any circumstances should we
In any circumstances shouldn’t we
In no circumstances should we
No circumstances permit us to
 send the telegram.
No sooner the train should be delayed shall I
 No sooner should the train be delayed than shall I
Should the train be delayed , I shall
Should the train is delayed shall I 
KEY: 1A 2B 3 D 4 C 5B 6 B7 A 8 B 9 C 10 C
Exercise 4: Choose the sentence that best rewrites the original one:
John certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident
In no way can John be held responsible for the accident
Certainly can’t John be held responsible for the accident
For any reason can John not be held responsible for the accident
On no account can John not be held responsible for the accident
The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murder
At all didn’t the police suspect that the judge was the murder
Little did the police suspect that the judge was the murder
Seldom did the police at all suspect that the judge was the murder
Never before suspected the police that the judge was the murder
You won’t find fossil like this anywhere else
Nowhere else will you find fossils like this 
Nowhere will you find fossils like this else
Anywhere else won’t you find fossils like this 
Anywhere will you not find fossils like this else
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances
Under no circumstances is the money not to be paid
Under any circumstances isn’t the money to be paid
 In any circumstances is the money not to be paid
In no circumstances is the money to be paid
The demand for the tickets was so great that people queued day and night
So great the demand for the tickets was that people queued day and night
So great was that the demand for the tickets people queued day and night
Such was the demand for the tickets that people queued day and night
 Such great was demand for the tickets that people queued day and night
Just after the play started there was a power failure
Hardly did the play start then there was a power failure
Hardly had the play started when there was a power failure
No earlier had the play started than there was a power failure
No sooner did the play start before there was a power failure
Harry broke his leg ,and also injured his shoulder
Not only did Harry break his leg but he also injured his shoulder
Not only Harry broke his leg but also did he injure his shoulder
Harry broke his leg and also did he injure his shoulder
Also injured his shoulder did Harry break his leg
The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record
Never before so much money has been spent to so little purpose must a record be
 So much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record 
 So little must purpose be that so much money has been spent 
Never before has so much money been spent to so little purpose
It was only the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting
Not until did the office phone me did I find out about the meeting
Not until the office phoned me did I find out about the meeting
Only the office phoned me did I find out about the meeting
Only after did the office phone me that I found out about the meeting
He never suspected that she was a witch
At no time did he suspect that she was a witch
 Never did he suspect that a witch she was
Never a witch did he suspect that she was
No before did he suspect was she a witch
KEY: 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 B 7A 8 D 9 B 10 A
Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences, using Subject-Verb Inversion
An ancient castle stands on the hill opposite my house
On.
Harvard is one of the best universities in the world
One
Some villagers lie along the river banks
Along.
His was such a sensational masterpiece that it was adored by many critics
So
A huge lion was silently approaching them
Silently..
The two climbers were so weak that they couldn’t accomplish their mission
So..
Harry Potter is completely banned in many countries
Completely
Mr.John Thomas is great fashion designer
A..
Many postesters stood in front of the City Committee Hall
In
Washing your mouth with salt water is much better than with other substances
Much.
Singapore is so clean that you can hardly find any garbage on the streets
So..
A strange man appeared on the stage
On
The hurricane was so destructive that nearly the whole town was torn apart
So.
The eagle soared up in the air
Up
That was such a terrible fire that all houses were burned down
So.
KEY:
On the hill opposite my house stands an ancient castle
One of the best universities in the world is Harvard
Along the river banks lie some villages
So sensational was his masterpiece that it was adored by many critics
Silently approaching them was a huge lion
So weak were the two climbers that they couldn’t accomplish their mission
Completely banned in many countries is Harry Potter
A great fashion designer is Mr.John Thomas
In front of the City Committee Hall stood many protesters
Much better is washing your mouth with salt water ( than with other substances)
So clean is Singapore that you can hardly find any garbage on the streets
On the stage appeared a strange man
So destructive was the hurricane that nearly the whole twon was torn apart
Up in the air soared the eagle
So terrible was the fire that all the houses were burned down
Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences with the words given
She realised she hadn’t locked the door after the train had left
Only after.
I can’t come to her weeding next Saturday night
In no way
More and more disasters happen, and they are becoming more destructive these days
Not only.
I had just climbed to the first branch of the tree before I felt down
Hardly
The supervisors hadn’t known about the escape until the next morning
Not until..
We will not give up in any circumstances
In no..
I had little information about the test today
Little
It rained cats and dogs as soon as I had just left home
No sooner..
Parents rarely pay attention to what their teenage children need
Rarely
After many forests have been destroyed, we become conscious of its importance
Only after.
A true sportman never defies his rivals
Never..
I have never enjoyed such gorgeous sceneries anywhere
Nowhere
The extreme hurricane made its landfall on the state capital right after it had wiped a big town out
Barely.
I haven’t watched such an amazing movie before
Never before
The students went on to do their assignment as soon as the holidayhad been over
Scarcely
	KEY:
Only after the train had left did she realize she hadn’t locked the door
In no way can I come to her weeding next Saturday night
Not only do disasters happen more and more , but they are also becoming more destructive these days
Hardly had I climbed to the first branch of the tree when I fell down
Not until the next morning had the supervisors known about the escape 
In no circumstances will we give up 
Little information did I have about the test today
No sooner had I left home it rained cats and dogs 
Rarely do parents pay attention to what their teenage children need
Only after many forests have been destroyed, do we become conscious of its importance
Never does a true sportman defy his rivals
Nowhere have I ever enjoyed such gorgeous sceneries 
Barely had the extreme hurricane wiped a big town out when it made its landfall on the state capital 
Never before have I watched such an amazing movie 
 Scarcely had the holiday been over when the students went on to do their assignment